Safra Kesesinin Fizyolojisi

Yazarlar

Oktay Karaköse
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2429-3915

Özet

Karaciğer, sindirime yardımcı olmak ve metabolik atıkları uzaklaştırmak amacıyla günlük ortalama 600-1000 ml safra üretir. Açlık döneminde Oddi sfinkterinin kapalı olması sebebiyle safra, sistik kanal aracılığıyla safra kesesine yönlendirilir ve burada 5-20 kata kadar konsantre edilerek depolanır. Safra kesesi, maksimum 30-60 ml hacme sahip olmasına rağmen bu üstün konsantrasyon yeteneği sayesinde yaklaşık 450 ml safrayı bünyesinde barındırabilir. Yemek sonrasında, özellikle yağlı gıdaların duodenuma ulaşmasıyla birlikte duodenum mukozasından kolesistokinin (CCK) hormonu salgılanır. Safra kesesi kontraksiyonunu başlatan en güçlü uyaran olan CCK, aynı zamanda Oddi sfinkterinin gevşemesini sağlayarak yoğunlaşmış safranın duodenuma salınmasını ve yağların emilimini koordine eder. Safra tuzlarının %95'i terminal ileum ve jejunumdan geri emilerek enterohepatik döngüye katılır. Safra kesesinin cerrahi olarak çıkarıldığı kolesistektomi durumunda ise safra akışı sürekli ve yavaş bir hal alır; bu da hastalarda malabsorbsiyon ve ishal gibi postoperatif semptomlara yol açabilir.

The liver continuously produces an average of 600-1000 ml of bile daily to assist in digestion and eliminate metabolic waste products. During fasting, since the sphincter of Oddi remains closed, bile is directed via the cystic duct into the gallbladder, where it is concentrated up to 5-20 times and stored. Although the gallbladder has a maximum capacity of 30-60 ml, this high concentration capability allows it to store the equivalent of approximately 450 ml of hepatic bile. Upon ingestion of food, particularly when fatty meals enter the duodenum, cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted from the duodenal mucosa. As the most potent trigger for gallbladder contraction, CCK coordinates the relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, enabling the concentrated bile to flow into the duodenum for lipid emulsification. Approximately 95% of bile salts are reabsorbed through the terminal ileum and jejunum, participating in the enterohepatic circulation. Following a cholecystectomy, the surgical removal of the gallbladder, bile flow becomes continuous and stable, which frequently leads to postoperative symptoms such as malabsorption and diarrhea.

Referanslar

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2 Şubat 2022

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