Pankreas Lezyonlarının Değerlendirilmesinde Nükleer Tıp Görüntüleme Yöntemleri

Yazarlar

Ebru Örsal İbişoğlu

Özet

Pankreas malignitelerinde prognoz genellikle kötü olduğundan, doğru teşhis ve evreleme uygun tedavi seçimi için kritik öneme sahiptir. Pozitron emisyon tomografisi/bilgisayarlı tomografi (PET/BT), metabolik ve fonksiyonel bilgiler sağlayarak pankreas kanserlerinin tanısında, evrelemesinde, uzak metastazların saptanmasında ve tedavi yanıtının değerlendirilmesinde önemli katkılar sunar. En yaygın kullanılan radyofarmasötik olan 18F-FDG, tümörlerdeki artan glikoz metabolizmasını temel alır; ancak pankreatit gibi enflamatuar durumlarda yalancı pozitiflik, küçük veya düşük metabolik aktiviteye sahip tümörlerde ise yalancı negatiflik görülebilir. Pankreas nöroendokrin neoplazmalarında (panNEN) ise tümör farklılaşması ve Ki-67 proliferasyon indeksi görüntüleme stratejisini belirler. Düşük dereceli, iyi diferansiye tümörlerde somatostatin reseptör ekspresyonunu gösteren 68Ga-DOTA-Peptitler PET/BT yüksek duyarlılık ve özgüllük sunarken; tümör agresifleştikçe ve reseptör kaybı yaşandıkça glikoz kullanımı artar ve FDG PET/BT daha anlamlı hale gelir. PET/MR ise yüksek yumuşak doku çözünürlüğü ile lezyon karakterizasyonunu geliştirir.

Since the prognosis for pancreatic malignancies is generally poor, accurate diagnosis and staging are critical for choosing the appropriate treatment. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) provides metabolic and functional information, contributing significantly to the diagnosis, staging, detection of distant metastases, and treatment response assessment of pancreatic cancers. The most commonly used radiopharmaceutical, 18F-FDG, targets increased glucose metabolism in tumors; however, false positives can occur in inflammatory conditions like pancreatitis, while false negatives can arise in small or low-metabolic tumors. In pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs), tumor differentiation and the Ki-67 proliferation index dictate the imaging strategy. While 68Ga-DOTA-Peptides PET/CT, which evaluates somatostatin receptor expression, offers high sensitivity and specificity in low-grade, well-differentiated tumors; as tumors become more aggressive and lose these receptors, glucose utilization increases, making FDG PET/CT more significant. Additionally, PET/MR enhances lesion characterization by utilizing high soft-tissue resolution.

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2 Şubat 2022

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