Mide Lenfomaları

Yazarlar

Mehmet Hamdi Sakarya

Özet

Mide lenfomaları, son yıllarda artış gösteren ekstranodal Non-Hodgkin lenfomaların (NHL) en yaygın görüldüğü bölgedir ve tüm gastrointestinal lenfomaların %55-65'ini oluşturur. En sık rastlanan histolojik tipleri Diffüz Büyük B-Hücreli Lenfoma (%59) ve marjinal zon MALT lenfomasıdır (%38). Gastrik MALT lenfomalarının %90'ından fazlası Helicobacter pylori enfeksiyonu ile doğrudan ilişkilidir; bu nedenle bakterinin eradikasyonu tedavinin temel taşını oluşturur. Hastalık ilerleyen yaşla birlikte artış gösterir ve erkeklerde kadınlara kıyasla 2-3 kat daha fazla görülür. Klinik belirtileri karın ağrısı, bulantı, kilo kaybı ve gastrointestinal kanama gibi spesifik olmayan semptomlardan oluştuğu için tanı süreci gecikebilmektedir. Tanıda altın standart, biyopsili üst endoskopi ve immünohistokimyasal analizdir. Evrelemede genellikle Lugano sistemi kullanılırken, prognoz erken evrelerde oldukça olumludur. Tedavide H. pylori eradikasyonunun yanı sıra radyoterapi, kemoterapi, rituksimab ile immünoterapi ve perforasyon gibi komplikasyon durumlarında cerrahi seçenekler uygulanmaktadır.

Gastric lymphomas represent the most common site for extranodal Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), showing an increasing incidence and accounting for 55-65% of all gastrointestinal lymphomas. The most prevalent histological types are Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (59%) and marginal zone MALT lymphoma (38%). More than 90% of gastric MALT lymphomas are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, making its eradication the cornerstone of initial treatment. The disease risk escalates with age, particularly after the fourth decade, affecting males 2-3 times more frequently than females. Clinical presentation includes non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, weight loss, and gastrointestinal bleeding, which often leads to delayed diagnosis. Upper endoscopy with biopsy and immunohistochemistry remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Staging is primarily evaluated via the Lugano system, and the prognosis is highly favorable when caught in the early mucosal or submucosal stages. Beyond H. pylori antibiotic therapy, management strategies involve radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy with rituximab, and surgical intervention reserved for complications like perforation or obstruction.

Referanslar

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5 Nisan 2022

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