Mide Kanserinde Minimal İnvaziv Cerrahi

Yazarlar

Yılmaz Özdemir
Cemil Binarbaşı

Özet

Mide kanseri, dünya çapında yüksek insidansı ve ileri evrelerde teşhis edilmesi nedeniyle önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Son yıllarda, bu hastalıkta tümörün çıkarılması ve postoperatif morbiditenin en aza indirilmesi amacıyla minimal invaziv cerrahi yöntemlerin kullanımı artmaktadır. Seçilmiş erken evre olgularda endoskopik mukozal rezeksiyon (EMR) ve endoskopik submukozal diseksiyon (ESD) gibi endoskopik girişimler ile laparoskopik intragastrik cerrahi uygulanabilmektedir. Laparoskopik gastrektomi, ameliyatı gerçekleştiren cerrahın deneyimine bağlı olarak tercih edilen yaygın bir yöntemdir; ancak obez hastalarda ve laparoskopik distal gastrektomi sonrası pankreas fistülü gibi durumlarda teknik zorluklar barındırabilir. Laparoskopinin teknik kısıtlılıklarını aşmak amacıyla geliştirilen robotik gastrektomi ise cerraha üç boyutlu, büyütülmüş bir görüntü ve yüksek hareket kabiliyetine sahip enstrümanlar sunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar ve meta-analizler, robotik cerrahinin laparoskopik yaklaşıma kıyasla ameliyat süresini uzattığını ancak kan kaybını azalttığını ve hastanede kalış süresini kısalttığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, robotik sistemlerin yüksek maliyetleri önemli bir dezavantajdır ve uzun vadeli onkolojik sonuçların henüz netleşmemesi nedeniyle hasta seçiminde dikkatli olunması ve cerrahın deneyiminin göz önünde bulundurulması gerekmektedir.

Gastric cancer remains a challenging global health issue due to its high incidence and frequent diagnosis at advanced stages. In recent years, the application of minimal invasive surgery has increased to optimize tumor removal and minimize postoperative morbidity. For selected early-stage cases, endoscopic interventions such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submukozal dissection (ESD), alongside laparoscopic intragastric surgery, are safely performed. Laparoscopic gastrectomy is widely utilized based on the surgeon's expertise, though it presents challenges in obese patients and risks like pancreatic fistula after distal gastrectomy. To overcome the technical limitations of laparoscopy, robotic gastrectomy provides stable three-dimensional, magnified visualization and articulated instruments with seven degrees of freedom. Studies and meta-analyses demonstrate that while robotic surgery is associated with longer operative times compared to laparoscopy, it significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss and shortens hospital stays. However, substantial financial costs remain a major drawback, and since long-term oncological outcomes are not yet fully established, careful patient selection considering the surgeon's specific expertise is essential.

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5 Nisan 2022

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