Jinekolojik Kanserlerde Tamamlayıcı ve Destekleyici Bakım Uygulamaları
Özet
Jinekolojik kanserler, dünyada ve ülkemizde kadın sağlığını tehdit eden önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Hastalar, tanı ve tedavi süreçlerinde günlük yaşam kalitelerini olumsuz etkileyen fiziksel ve psikolojik semptomlarla karşılaşmaktadır. Bu semptomları hafifletmek, tedaviye destek sağlamak ve fiziksel-psikolojik iyilik hallerini artırmak amacıyla tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici bakım uygulamalarına sıklıkla başvurulmaktadır. Tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yaklaşımları beslenme, psikolojik, fiziksel ve zihin-beden uygulamaları gibi farklı sınıflara ayrılmaktadır. Türkiye’de 2014 yılında yayınlanan yönetmelikle fitoterapi, müzik terapi, hipnoz, akupunktur ve refleksoloji dahil 15 yöntem kabul görmüş ve sağlık mensuplarının bu uygulamalardaki rolleri belirlenmiştir. Yapılan literatür incelemeleri, jinekolojik kanser hastalarının bu yöntemleri yüksek oranlarda kullandığını, ancak doktor veya hemşireleriyle bilgi alışverişinin zayıf olduğunu ve genellikle internet veya medya gibi gayri resmi kaynaklara yöneldiklerini göstermektedir. Sınırlı sayıdaki kanıta dayalı çalışmada; refleksolojinin anksiyete, depresyon ve ağrıyı azalttığı, akupresür ve akupunkturun bulantı-kusmayı hafiflettiği, rezene çayının postoperatif bağırsak iyileşmesini hızlandırdığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hastaların doğru yönlendirilmesi ve bütüncül bakımın sağlanması için sağlık profesyonellerinin bu konudaki bilgi düzeylerini artırmaları ve gelecekte daha fazla randomize kontrollü çalışmanın yapılması önerilmektedir.
Gynecologic cancers represent a significant health threat affecting women globally and in Turkey. Patients experience various physical and psychological symptoms during diagnosis and treatment processes that negatively impact their daily quality of life. To alleviate these symptoms, support medical treatment, and improve physical and psychological well-being, patients frequently resort to complementary and supportive care practices. These approaches are categorized into nutritional, psychological, physical, and mind-body practices. In Turkey, a regulation published in 2014 recognized 15 methods, including phytotherapy, music therapy, hypnosis, acupuncture, and reflexology, defining the roles of healthcare professionals. Literature reviews indicate high utilization rates among gynecologic cancer patients, yet communication with doctors or nurses remains weak, leading patients to informal sources like the internet and media. Limited evidence-based studies demonstrate that reflexology reduces anxiety, depression, and pain; acupressure and acupuncture alleviate nausea and vomiting; and fennel tea accelerates postoperative bowel recovery. Consequently, to ensure proper guidance and holistic care, healthcare professionals must increase their knowledge levels regarding these practices, and more randomized controlled trials are recommended for the future.
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