Radikülopati ve Pleksopatilere Yaklaşım

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Zülfikar Arlıer

Özet

Radikülopati ve pleksopatiler, hastalarda duyu ve motor güçsüzlüklere neden olarak günlük yaşantıyı ve fiziksel aktiviteleri olumsuz etkileyen, tedavi edilmediğinde ise ciddi özürlülüklere yol açabilen önemli tablolardır. Bu hastalıklarda hafif kas güçsüzlüğünden tam felce, kas atrofisinden şiddetli ağrılara ve duyu bozukluklarına kadar geniş bir klinik yelpaze görülebilir; hatta konus medullaris veya miyelomalazi durumlarında mesane ve bağırsak disfonksiyonları da eşlik edebilir. Doğru tanı ve lezyon lokalizasyonu için klinik bulgular, elektrodiagnostik testler, görüntüleme yöntemleri (MR, BT, direkt grafi) ve gerektiğinde biyokimyasal/serolojik tetkikler birlikte değerlendirilmelidir. Elektrodiagnostik çalışmalar, duyu sinir iletimleri ve paraspinal iğne EMG'si yardımıyla radikülopati ile pleksopati ayrımını netleştirirken, lezyon lokalizasyonu ve prognoz hakkında da kritik bilgiler sunar. Tedavi stratejileri ise tamamen etiyolojiye ve hasarın derecesine göre belirlenir. Bası yapan hematomlar ile konus medullaris veya kauda equina sendromu gibi acil durumlarda cerrahi müdahale büyük önem taşırken, hastanın klinik durumuna göre fizik tedavi uygulamaları ve nöropatik ağrı tedavisi sürece dahil edilmektedir.

Radiculopathy and plexopathies are important conditions that cause sensory and motor weaknesses in patients, adversely affecting daily life and physical activities, and can lead to serious disabilities if left untreated. In these diseases, a wide clinical spectrum can be observed ranging from mild muscle weakness to complete paralysis, muscle atrophy to severe pain and sensory disturbances; even bladder and bowel dysfunctions may accompany in cases of conus medullaris or myelomalacia. For accurate diagnosis and lesion localization, clinical findings, electrodiagnostic tests, imaging methods (MR, CT, direct radiography), and biochemical/serological tests when necessary should be evaluated together. Electrodiagnostic studies clarify the differentiation between radiculopathy and plexopathy with the help of sensory nerve conduction studies and needle EMG of paraspinal muscles, while also providing critical information about lesion localization and prognosis. Treatment strategies are determined entirely based on the etiology and the degree of damage. While surgical intervention is of great importance in emergency situations such as compressing hematomas and conus medullaris or cauda equina syndrome, physical therapy applications and neuropathic pain treatment are included in the process according to the patient's clinical status.

Referanslar

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7 Mart 2022

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