Transversal Yön Bozukluklarının Etiyolojisi ve Teşhisi
Özet
Transversal Yön Bozukluklarının Etiyolojisi ve Teşhisi başlıklı çalışma, kranyofasiyal bölgede sıkça karşılaşılan posterior çapraz kapanış ve teleskopik kapanış gibi transversal anomalileri ele almaktadır. Posterior çapraz kapanış genel popülasyonda %5-23 oranında görülmekte olup etiyolojisinde iskeletsel, dental ve fonksiyonel faktörler rol oynar. En sık rastlanan neden, maksiller darlığa bağlı prematür temaslar sonucu oluşan mandibulanın fonksiyonel kaymasıdır (MFK). Bu durum erken dönemde tedavi edilmezse temporomandibular eklem asimetrilerine ve yüz asimetrilerine yol açabilir. Ayrıca Apert, Crouzon ve Down sendromu gibi konjenital anomaliler, ağız solunumu, parmak emme ve yanlış yutkunma gibi oki alışkanlıklar da maksiller darlığa zemin hazırlar. Transversal bozuklukların teşhisi genellikle sagital veya vertikal kompanzasyonlar nedeniyle maskelendiğinden klinik muayene, dental model analizleri (Andrews Element III, Pont, Howe, Schwarz, Korkhaus) ve radyolojik değerlendirmelerin bir arada kullanılmasını gerektirir. Geleneksel postero-anterior filmlerin yanı sıra günümüzde üç boyutlu Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (KIBT) görüntüleri (Penn ve Yonsei analizleri), dişlerin direnç merkezlerini ve bukkolingual eğimlerini hassas şekilde ölçerek iskeletsel ve dental uyumsuzlukların kaynağını belirlemede ve doğru tedavi planlamasında kritik rol oynamaktadır.
The study titled "Etiology and Diagnosis of Transverse Directional Discrepancies" addresses transversal anomalies such as posterior crossbite and telescopic bite, which are frequently encountered in the craniofacial region. Posterior crossbite has a prevalence of 5-23% in the general population, and skeletal, dental, and functional factors play a role in its etiology. The most common cause is the functional shift of the mandible (MFK) resulting from premature contacts due to maxillary deficiency. If left untreated in the early period, this condition can lead to temporomandibular joint asymmetries and facial asymmetries. Additionally, congenital anomalies such as Apert, Crouzon, and Down syndromes, as well as mouth breathing, thumb sucking, and atypical swallowing habits, predispose to maxillary deficiency. Since the diagnosis of transverse discrepancies is often masked by sagittal or vertical compensations, it requires a combination of clinical examination, dental model analyses (Andrews' Element III, Pont, Howe, Schwarz, Korkhaus), and radiological evaluations. In addition to traditional postero-anterior radiographs, three-dimensional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging (Penn and Yonsei analyses) currently plays a critical role in determining the source of skeletal and dental discrepancies and ensuring accurate treatment planning by precisely measuring the centers of resistance and buccolingual inclinations of teeth.
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