Diz Artroplastisi ve Rehabilitasyonu
Özet
Total diz artroplastisi (TDA), ileri evre diz osteoartriti ve inflamatuar artrit gibi durumlarda ağrıyı azaltmak ve yaşam kalitesini artırmak amacıyla uygulanan cerrahi bir yüzey yenileme işlemidir. Küresel nüfusun yaşlanması ve obezitenin artmasıyla birlikte TDA ameliyatlarına olan ihtiyaç dünya genelinde hızla yükselmektedir. Cerrahi başarıyı ve postoperatif fonksiyonelliği maksimum düzeye çıkarmak için preoperatif ve postoperatif dönemleri kapsayan kapsamlı rehabilitasyon programları kritik öneme sahiptir. Preoperatif rehabilitasyon hastayı egzersizlerle tanıştırıp hastanede kalış süresini azaltırken; erken postoperatif rehabilitasyon ise ağrı kontrolü, eklem hareket açıklığının (EHA) artırılması ve kuadriceps kas gücünün geri kazanılması üzerinde odaklanır. Sementli protezlerde hemen yük vermeye izin verilirken, sementsiz biyolojik protezlerde tam yüklenme için genellikle altı hafta beklenir. Uzun dönemde tam iyileşme bir yılı bulabilmekte ve ev egzersizleri ile telerehabilitasyon alternatifleri bu süreçte süreklilik sağlamaktadır.
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical resurfacing procedure performed to alleviate pain and improve quality of life in conditions such as advanced knee osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis. Due to global aging populations and rising obesity rates, the demand for TKA surgeries is rapidly increasing worldwide. To maximize surgical success and postoperative functionality, comprehensive rehabilitation programs spanning both preoperative and postoperative phases are critical. While preoperative rehabilitation introduces patients to exercises and reduces hospital stays, early postoperative rehabilitation focuses on pain management, restoring range of motion (ROM), and regaining quadriceps muscle strength. Immediate weight-bearing is permitted in cemented prostheses, whereas unserrated biological prostheses generally require six weeks before full weight-bearing. Long-term full recovery can take up to a year, with home exercises and telerehabilitation alternatives ensuring continuity during this period.
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