Pandemi Döneminde Ergenlerde Görülen Ruh Sağlığı Sorunları ve Psikososyal Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı
Özet
COVID-19 pandemisi, dünya genelinde alınan ev karantinası ve sosyal mesafe gibi önlemlerle birlikte ergenlerin yaşam kalitesini ve ruh sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Bu gelişim döneminde akran ilişkilerine duyulan ihtiyaç kritik düzeydeyken, fiziksel izolasyon ve uzun süreli yalnızlık duygusu ergenlerde depresif semptomlar, kaygı, stres ve yaşam doyumunda belirgin azalmalara yol açmıştır. Aile istikrarsızlığı ve olumsuz ebeveyn tutumları zihinsel sağlık sorunları riskini artırırken, iyi işleyen aile ilişkileri koruyucu bir faktör olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu süreçte çocuk-ergen ruh sağlığı ve psikiyatri hemşireleri, multidisipliner sağlık ekiplerinin bir parçası olarak toplumsal düzeyde kanıta dayalı ruh sağlığı hizmetleri sunmada, doğru bilgi aktarımı sağlamada ve danışmanlık rollerini yürütmede kritik bir konuma sahiptir. Ergenlerin izolasyondan kaynaklanan zorlanma ve yalnızlık duygularını hafifletmek amacıyla, fiziksel mesafe korunarak kaliteli sosyal ağların oluşturulması, onlara toplumun bir parçası oldukları hissinin verilmesi ve dijital teknolojiler ile mobil uygulamalardan yararlanılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, ebeveynlerin ekran süreleri ve sosyal medyanın faydaları hakkında eğitilmesi, ergenlerin akranlarıyla sağlıklı etkileşimler kurarak psikolojik dayanıklılıklarını artırmalarına ve olumsuz duyguları hafifletmelerine katkı sağlayacaktır.
The COVID-19 pandemic, along with measures such as home quarantine and social distancing implemented worldwide, has adversely affected the quality of life and mental health of adolescents. While the need for peer relationships is at a critical level during this developmental period, physical isolation and prolonged feelings of loneliness have led to depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, and significant decreases in life satisfaction among adolescents. While family instability and negative parenting attitudes increase the risk of mental health problems, well-functioning family relationships stand out as a protective factor. In this process, child-adolescent mental health and psychiatric nurses hold a critical position in providing evidence-based mental health services at the community level, ensuring accurate information transfer, and conducting counseling roles as part of multidisciplinary health teams. To alleviate adolescents' feelings of strain and loneliness resulting from isolation, it is necessary to establish quality social networks while maintaining physical distance, give them a sense of being part of society, and utilize digital technologies and mobile applications. Additionally, educating parents about screen times and the benefits of social media will contribute to helping adolescents build healthy interactions with their peers, thereby enhancing their psychological resilience and mitigating negative emotions.
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