Vitamin D, Folate and Cobalamin In Obesity
Özet
This comprehensive review examines the complex network linking obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with deficiencies in vitamin D, folate, and cobalamin across child and adult populations. Adipose tissue functions as both a metabolic and endocrine organ; however, excessive macronutrient intake coupled with micronutrient deficiencies severely impairs balanced nutrition. Vitamin D, stored in adipose tissue, regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism and requires sufficient magnesium levels for activation. Low serum vitamin D concentrations correlate with increased systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, and pediatric obesity complications before transitioning into morbid obesity. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency negatively impacts mental functions and is linked to depressive disorders and cognitive decline. Folate and cobalamin work synergistically as coenzymes in metabolic reactions and methionine regeneration. Cobalamin deficiency dysregulates fatty acid metabolism, impairs adipocyte function, and elevates pro-inflammatory cytokines, while low maternal cobalamin increases offspring adiposity. Reduced levels of both B-vitamins inversely correlate with MetS severity and increase cardiovascular risks like coronary artery disease and hypertension. Ultimately, the collective depletion of vitamin D, folate, and cobalamin accelerates cognitive decline, alters brain volume, and exacerbates metabolic derangements, underscoring the critical need for targeted vitamin supplementation to prevent severe obesity progression.
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