Gastrointestinal Endoskopik Girişimlerde Anestezi

Chelazzi C, Consales G, Boninsegni P, et al. Propofol sedation in a colorectal cancer screening outpatient cohort. Minerva Anestesiol 2009; 75: 677-83.

Candiotti KA, Bergese SD, Bokesch PM, et al. Monitored anesthesia care with dexmede tomidine: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial. Anesth Analg 2010; 110: 47-56. Epub 2009 Aug 27.

de Villiers WJ. Anesthesiology and gastroenterology. Anesthesiol Clin 2009; 27: 57-70.

Gasparovic ́S, Rustemovic ́N, Opacic ́M, et al. Clinical analysis of propofol deep sedation for 1, 104 patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: a three year prospective study. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 327-30.

Cardin F, Minicuci N, Andreotti A, et al. Maximizing the general success of cecal intubati on during propofol sedation in a multi-endoscopist academic centre. BMC Gastroenterol 2010; 10: 123.

Busick T, Kussman M, Scheidt T, Tobias JD. Preliminary experience with dexmedetomidine for monitored anesthesia care during ENT surgical procedures. Am J Ther 2008; 15:520-7.

Standarts of Practice Commmittee American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Monitoring of patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. Guidelines for clinical application. Gastrointest Endosc 37:120-1, 1991.

Huang YY, Lee HK, Juan CH, et al: Conscious sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan 43:33-8, 2005.

Yörük G, Aksöz K, Ünsal B, et al: Colonoscopy without sedation. Turk J Gastroenterol 14:59-63, 2003.

Madan A, Minocha A: Who is willing to undergo endoscopy without sedation: patients, nurses, or the physicians? South Med J 97:800-5, 2004.

Lazzaroni M, Porro GB: Preparation, premedication and surveillance. Endoscopy 30:53- 60, 1998.

Daneshmend TK, Bell GD, Logan RF: Sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: results of a nationwide survey. Gut 32:12-5, 1991.

Lazzaroni M, Bianchi-Porro G: Premedication, preparation, and surveillance. Endoscopy 31:2-8, 1999.

Jones MP, Ebert CC, Sloan T, et al: Patient anxiety and elective gastrointestinal endoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol 38:35-40, 2004.

Heuss LT, Schnieper P, Drewe J, et al: Risk stratification and safe administration of propofol by registered nurses supervised by the gastroenterologist: a prospective observational study of more than 2000 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 57:664-71, 2003.

Mc Cloy RF: Techniques for conscious sedation. Principles and practice of sedation.Ed: Whitwam JG, Mc Cloy RF. London, 54-72, 1998.

Hull CJ: The principles of pharmacokinetics. Wylie and Churchill-Davidson’s A Practice of Anesthesia. Ed: Healy TEJ, Cohen PJ, 6th edition. London, 211-218, 1995.

Bell GD, Spickett GP, Reeve PA, et al: Intravenous midazolam for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a study of 800 consecutive casesrelating dose to age and sex of patient. Brj Clin Pharinacol 23:241-3, 1987.

Waring JP, Baron TH, Hirota WK, et al: American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Standards of Practice Committee. Guidelines for conscious sedation and monitoring during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 58:317-22, 2003.

Gebbensleben B, Rohde H: Anxiety before gastrointestinal endoscopy- is it a significant problem? Dtsch Med Wschr 115:1539-44, 1990.

Mc Cloy RF: Gastroenterology. Principles and practice of sedation. Ed: Whitwam JG, Mc Cloy RF. London, 119-125, 1998.

Reiertsen O, Skjoto J, Jacobsen CD, et al: Complications of fiberoptic gastrointestinal endoscopy-five years’ experience in a central hospital. Endoscopy 19:1-6, 1987

Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. The use of pulse oximetry during conscious sedation. JAMA 270:1463-8, 1993.

Gilbert DA, Silverstein FE, Tedesco FJ: National ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding; complications of endoscopy. Dig Dis Sci 26:55-9, 1981.

Griffin SM, Chung SC, Leung JW, et al: Effect of intranasal oxygen on hypoxia and tachy- cardia during endoscopic cholangiopancreatography. Br Med J 300:83-4, 1990.

Yılmaz M, Aydın A, Karasu Z, et al: Risk factors associated with changes in oxygenation and pulse rate during colonoscopy. Turk J Gastroenterol 13:203-208, 2002.

Aisenberg J, Brill JV, Ladabaum U, et al: Sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: new practices, new economics. Am J Gastroenterol 100:996-1000, 2005.

Koch ME, Gevirtz C: Propofol may be safetely administreted by trained nonanesthesio- logists. Am J Gastroenterol 99:1208-11, 2004.

Rex D: The science and politics of propofol. Am J Gastroenterol 99:2080-3, 2004.

Cohen LB, Delegge MH, Aisenberg J, et al. AGA Institute. AGA Institute review of endoscopic sedation. Gastroenterology 2007;133:675-701.

Lichtenstein DR, Jagannath S, Baron TH, et al. Sedation and anesthesia in GI endoscopy. Standards of Practice Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Gastrointest Endosc 2008;68:815- 26

Regula J, Sokol-Kobielska E. Sedation in endoscopy: when and how. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2008;22:945-57.

Gross JB, Bailey PL, Connis RT, et al. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Forceon Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 2002;96:1004-17.

Mallampati SR, Gatt SP, Gugino LD, et al. A clinical sign to predict difficult tracheal intubation: a prospective study. Can Anaesth Soc J 1985;32:429-34.

Qureshi WA, Adler DG, Davila RE, et al. ASGE guideline: guidelines for endoscopy in pregnant and lactating women. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61: 357-62.

Knape JT, Adriaensen H, van Aken H et al. Guidelines for sedation and/or analgesia by nonanaesthesiology doctors. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2007;24:563-7.