Servikovajinal Smearlarda Sitolojik Anormalliklerin Yönetimi

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Özet

Serviks kanseri tarama testi olan servikovajinal smear, preinvaziv öncü lezyonların erken tespitini ve etkin tedavisini sağlayarak ölümleri dramatik şekilde azaltan modern tıbbın önemli başarılarındandır. Bu yazıda, hücresel anormalliklerin yönetimi için ASCCP kılavuzu esas alınmıştır. Endoservikal veya transformasyon zonu komponenti eksik olan hastalarda klinik özellikler, HPV durumu ve smear geçmişine bakılarak makul bir süre sonra testin tekrarlanması önerilir. Örneği yetersiz olan kadınlarda testin erken dönemde tekrarı uygunken, HPV pozitif 30 yaş ve üzeri hastalarda kolposkopi tercih edilir. Negatif sitolojiye rağmen HPV pozitifliği olan 30 yaş ve üzeri kadınlarda 12 ay sonra kotest tekrarı veya HPV tiplendirmesi yapılır. ASC-US durumunda HPV testi tercih edilir; pozitiflikte kolposkopi, negatiflikte 3 yıl sonra kotest uygulanır. LSIL smear sonucunda genel yaklaşım kolposkopidir; ancak 30 yaş ve üzeri HPV negatif kadınlarda ile 21-24 yaş grubunda 1 yıl sonra kotest tekrarı uygundur. ASC-H ve HSIL durumlarında doğrudan kolposkopik değerlendirme gerekir. Glandüler hücre anormalliklerini gösteren AGC sonucunda ise kolposkopiye endoservikal ve endometrial örneklemeler eklenmelidir. Smear sitolojik bir değerlendirme olup histolojinin yerini tutamaz; sonuçlara göre histerektomi önerilmemeli ve hastaya açıklama yapılırken travmatik kanser ifadesinden kaçınılmalıdır.

Servicovaginal smear, a screening test for cervical cancer, is a significant success of modern medicine that dramatically reduces mortality by enabling early detection and effective treatment of preinvasive precursor lesions. In this text, the ASCCP guideline is based upon for managing cellular abnormalities. For patients lacking endocervical or transformation zone components, repeating the test after a reasonable period is recommended based on clinical features, HPV status, and smear history. In women with unsatisfactory samples, an early repeat of the test is appropriate, whereas colposcopy is preferred for HPV-positive patients aged 30 and older. Women aged 30 and older with negative cytology but positive HPV are managed with a repeat co-test 12 months later or HPV genotyping. For ASC-US results, HPV testing is preferred; colposcopy is performed if positive, and a repeat co-test is done 3 years later if negative. The general approach for LSIL smear results is colposcopy, but a repeat co-test 1 year later is appropriate for HPV-negative women aged 30 and older and the 21-24 age group. Direct colposcopic evaluation is required in ASC-H and HSIL cases. For AGC results indicating glandular cell abnormalities, endocervical and endometrial sampling must be added to colposcopy. Smear is a cytological evaluation and cannot replace histological assessment; hysterectomy should not be recommended based on results, and using traumatic cancer terminology should be avoided when explaining results to patients.

Referanslar

Massad LS, Einstein MH, Huh WK, Katki HA, Kinney WK, Schiffman M, Solomon D, Wentzensen N, Lawson HW; 2012 ASCCP Consensus Guidelines Conference. 2012 updated consensus guidelines for the management of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2013 Apr;17(5 Suppl 1):S1-S27. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e318287d329. Erratum in: J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2013 Jul;17(3):367. PMID: 23519301.

Davey DD, Austin RM, Birdsong G, Buck HW, Cox JT, Darragh TM, Elgert PA, Hanson V, Henry MR, Waldman J; American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. ASCCP patient management guidelines: Pap test specimen adequacy and quality indicators. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002 Nov;118(5):714-8. doi: 10.1309/6GBF-EGH8-WXDE-ANGX. PMID: 12428791.

Davey DD, Cox JT, Austin RM, Birdsong G, Colgan TJ, Howell LP, Husain M, Darragh TM. Cervical cytology specimen adequacy: patient management guidelines and optimizing specimen collection. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2008 Apr;12(2):71-81. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181585b9b. PMID: 18369299.

Darragh TM, Colgan TJ, Cox JT, Heller DS, Henry MR, Luff RD, McCalmont T, Nayar R, Palefsky JM, Stoler MH, Wilkinson EJ, Zaino RJ, Wilbur DC; Members of LAST Project Work Groups. The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2012 Jul;16(3):205-42. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e31825c31dd. Erratum in: J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2013 Jul;17(3):368. PMID: 22820980.

Castle PE, Cox JT, Jeronimo J, Solomon D, Wheeler CM, Gravitt PE, Schiffman M. An analysis of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA-negative cervical precancers in the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study (ALTS). Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Apr;111(4):847-56. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318168460b. PMID: 18378743.

Darragh TM, Colgan TJ, Thomas Cox J, Heller DS, Henry MR, Luff RD, McCalmont T, Nayar R, Palefsky JM, Stoler MH, Wilkinson EJ, Zaino RJ, Wilbur DC; Members of the LAST Project Work Groups. The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Standardization project for HPV-associated lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2013 Jan;32(1):76-115. doi: 10.1097/PGP.0b013e31826916c7. Erratum in: Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2013 Jul;32(4):432. Erratum in: Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2013 Mar;32(2):241. PMID: 23202792.

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28 Mart 2022

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