Uyku Evrelerinin Skorlanması

Yazarlar

Asuman Feda Bayrak

Özet

Uyku evrelerinin skorlanması ve standart terminoloji oluşturulması, tarihsel süreçte Rechtschaffen ve Kales (R ve K) kurallarından Amerikan Uyku Tıbbı Akademisi (AASM) kılavuzlarına kadar uzanan güncellemelerle şekillenmiştir. Güncel AASM kriterlerine göre uyku, uyanıklık (W) evresi ile birlikte non-rapid eye movement (NREM) evreleri olan N1, N2, N3 ve rapid eye movement (REM) evresi olarak tanımlanan R olmak üzere toplam dört ana evrede incelenmektedir. Bu evrelerin doğru şekilde sınıflandırılabilmesi ve skorlanabilmesi için elektroensefalografi (EEG), elektrookulografi (EOG) ve elektromiyografi (EMG) sinyallerinin multisistemik olarak kaydedilmesi gereklidir. W evresi, posterior baskın alfa ritmi ve yüksek çene kas tonusu ile karakterizedir. Hafif uyku dönemini temsil eden N1 evresinde düşük amplitüdlü mikst frekanslı aktivite ile verteks keskin dalgaları ve yavaş göz hareketleri baskın hale gelir. N2 evresine geçişin temel belirteçleri uyku iğcikleri ve K kompleksleridir. Derin veya yavaş dalga uykusu olarak adlandırılan N3 evresinde ise %20’den fazla oranda yüksek amplitüdlü yavaş dalga aktivitesi gözlenir. Son olarak, rüyaların eşlik ettiği R (REM) evresi, tipik testere dişi dalgalar, hızlı göz hareketleri ve vücuttaki en düşük düzeydeki çene EMG kas tonusu ile ayırt edilir. Ayrıca polisomnografik değerlendirmelerde, uyku bütünlüğünü kesintiye uğratan ani frekans kaymaları olan arousallar ve majör vücut hareketleri de standart kurallara göre yakından izlenmekte ve skorlanmaktadır.

The scoring of sleep stages and the establishment of a standardized terminology have evolved over time, starting from the Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K) rules to the continuously updated guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). According to the latest AASM criteria, sleep is categorized into four primary stages along with wakefulness (Stage W): the Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) stages consisting of N1, N2, and N3, and the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) stage designated as Stage R. Accurate classification and scoring of these stages require the simultaneous recording of electroencephalographic (EEG), electrooculographic (EOG), and electromyographic (EMG) activities. Stage W is characterized by a posterior dominant alpha rhythm and normal to high chin muscle tone. In Stage N1, which marks the transition to light sleep, low-amplitude mixed-frequency activity, vertex sharp waves, and slow eye movements become prominent. The hallmarks of entering Stage N2 are defined by the appearance of sleep spindles and K-complexes. Stage N3 represents deep or slow-wave sleep, characterized by the presence of high-amplitude slow-wave activity covering more than 20% of the epoch. Finally, Stage R (REM) is distinguished by typical sawtooth waves, rapid eye movements, and minimal chin EMG muscle tone. Furthermore, transient shifts in EEG frequency known as arousals, along with major body movements that interrupt sleep continuity, are also strictly monitored and scored according to standardized guidelines.

Referanslar

Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. (1968) A manual of standardized terminology, technique, and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles. NIH Publication

Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson A et all.(2007) The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and associated Events. Rules Terminology and Technical Specifications. 1st Ed. Westchester, Illinois: American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

Berry RB, Brooks R, Gamaldo C et all. (2012) The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications, Version 2.0. Darien, Illinois: American Academy of Sleep Medicine

The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. http://www.aasmnet.org/scoringmanual/default.aspx

Berry RB, Albertario CL, Harding SM, et al.; for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. Version 2.5. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2018.

The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events Summary of Updates in Version 2.6. January 10, 2020

Malhotra RK & Avidan AY.(2017). Scoring of Normal Sleep and Arousals. Sudhansu Chokroverty (Ed). Sleep Disorders Medicine, Basic Science, Technical Considerations and Clinical Aspects (4th ed,pp.405-430) New York: Springer

Geyer JD, Payne TA, Carney PR.(2010) Atlas of polysomnography (2nd edition) Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Sayfalar

55-69

Gelecek

25 Mayıs 2022

Lisans

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