Kulak Burun Boğaz Acilleri
Özet
Kulak Burun Boğaz (KBB) acilleri, acil servislere yapılan başvurular arasında önemli bir yer tutmakta olup otolojik, rinolojik ve orofarenks-baş boyun bölgesi acilleri olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Otolojik aciller kapsamında dış kulak yolu enfeksiyonları (otitis eksterna), işitme kayıpları ve yüksek mortalite oranlarına sahip malign otitis eksterna ile temporal bölge travmaları yer almaktadır. Rinolojik acillerde en sık karşılaşılan durum epistaksis (burun kanaması) olup çocuklarda yabancı cisimler ve karmaşık maksillofasiyal travmalar da bu gruptadır. Orofarenks ve baş boyun acilleri ise akut tonsillofarenjit, retrofarengeal ve parafarengeal apseler gibi derin boyun enfeksiyonlarının yanı sıra hayatı tehdit edebilen krup, akut epiglottit ve yabancı cisim aspirasyonuna bağlı hava yolu obstrüksiyonlarını içerir. Ayrıca hem masif kanamalara hem de özefagus yaralanmalarına yol açabilen penetran ve künt boyun travmaları acil müdahale gerektiren kritik durumlardır. Bu hayati bölgeleri içeren patolojilerde morbidite ve mortaliteyi azaltmak adına erken tanı, hava yolu güvenliğinin sağlanması ve doğru tedavi protokollerinin uygulanması büyük önem arz etmektedir.
Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) emergencies constitute a significant portion of emergency department visits and are categorized into otologic, rhinologic, and oropharyngeal-head and neck emergencies. Otologic emergencies encompass external ear canal infections (otitis externa), sudden hearing loss, highly fatal malignant otitis externa, and temporal region traumas. Epistaxis (nosebleeds) is the most frequent presentation among rhinologic emergencies, which also include nasal foreign bodies in children and complex maxillofacial fractures. Oropharyngeal and head-and-neck emergencies involve acute tonsillopharyngitis, deep neck infections like retropharyngeal or parapharyngeal abscesses, and life-threatening airway obstructions caused by croup, acute epiglottitis, or foreign body aspirations. Furthermore, blunt and penetrating neck traumas, which potentially lead to massive hemorrhages and esophageal injuries, represent critical conditions requiring immediate intervention. Given that these emergencies involve vital structures, early diagnosis, timely airway management, and prompt administration of appropriate treatment protocols are of paramount importance to mitigate morbidity and mortality rates across all age groups.
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