Botilinum Toksin ve Dolgu Uygulamaları
Özet
Yüz gençleştirmede ve Kulak Burun Boğaz (KBB) pratiğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan minimal invaziv işlemlerden botilinum toksini ve dermal dolgu uygulamaları, modern estetik ve tıbbi yaklaşımların temelini oluşturmaktadır. Yaklaşık 20 yıldır güvenle uygulanan botilinum toksini, nöromüsküler kavşakta asetilkolin salınımını inhibe ederek mimik kaslarının kasılmasına bağlı oluşan dinamik kırışıklıkları gidermeyi hedefler. Üst yüz bölgesindeki alın, glabella ve kaz ayaklarının yanı sıra; Frey sendromu, sialore, fasiyal palsi ve spazmodik disfoni gibi çeşitli KBB hastalıklarının tedavisinde de yüksek başarı oranlarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Dermal dolgular ise yaşlanmayla birlikte yüz bölgesinde meydana gelen volüm kayıplarını restore etmek, derin statik çizgileri gidermek ve yüz hatlarını belirginleştirmek amacıyla uygulanır. Dudak, nazolabial oluk, gözaltı ışık dolgusu ve çene gibi farklı anatomik bölgelere yönelik iğne veya künt uçlu kanül teknikleri mevcuttur. Her iki uygulamanın da başarılı sonuçlar vermesi için hekimin yüz anatomisine hakim olması, hasta seçimini doğru yapması, kontrendikasyonları, olası asimetri, ptozis veya doku nekrozu gibi komplikasyonları ve bunların yönetimini (örneğin hyaluronidaz kullanımı) iyi bilmesi kritik öneme sahiptir.
Botulinum toxin and dermal filler applications, which are widely used minimal invasive procedures in facial rejuvenation and Otolaryngology (ENT) practice, form the basis of modern aesthetic and medical approaches. Safely applied for approximately 20 years, botulinum toxin aims to eliminate dynamic wrinkles caused by the contraction of mimetic muscles by inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. In addition to upper face areas such as the forehead, glabella, and crow's feet, it is successfully used in treating various ENT disorders including Frey syndrome, sialorrhea, facial palsy, and spasmodic dysphonia. Dermal fillers are performed to restore volume loss in the facial region due to aging, eliminate deep static lines, and enhance facial contours. Needle or blunt-tipped cannula techniques are available for different anatomical sites such as lips, nasolabial folds, tear troughs, and the chin. For both procedures to yield successful and satisfying outcomes, it is critically important for the physician to have a profound knowledge of facial anatomy, perform correct patient selection, and be well-versed in contraindications, potential complications like asymmetry, ptosis, or tissue necrosis, and their management, such as the utilization of hyaluronidase.
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