Sebase Adenom

Yazarlar

Cemile Özdemir

Özet

Sebase adenom, sebase diferansiyasyon gösteren, sıklıkla 60 yaş civarında, kadın ve erkeklerde eşit oranda, çoğunlukla baş ve boyun bölgesinde (özellikle burun ve yanakta) sarı-ten renkli papül veya nodül şeklinde ortaya çıkan nadir ve iyi huylu bir adneksiyal deri tümörüdür. Histopatolojik olarak, epidermis ile birleşebilen multilobüler nodüllerden oluşur; bu lobüllerin çeperinde iki kattan fazla sıralanma gösteren küçük, hiperkromatik bazaloid (germinatif) hücreler yer alırken, merkeze doğru sitoplazması berraklaşan ve genişleyen olgun sebositlere kademeli bir geçiş izlenir. Bu tümörler izole veya sporadik olarak ortaya çıkabileceği gibi, kalıtsal nonpolipozis koli karsinom sendromu (Lynch sendromu) kapsamında internal malignitelerin eşlik ettiği Muir-Torre sendromunun (MTS) önemli bir bileşeni olarak da gelişebilir. Moleküler düzeyde, sebase adenomlar çoğunlukla MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 ve PMS2 gibi DNA yanlış eşleşme onarım genlerindeki defektlerle veya Wnt/beta-katenin sinyal yolağındaki bozukluklarla ilişkilidir. Ayırıcı tanısında, bazaloid hücrelerin baskın olduğu sebaseoma ve atipi, mitoz, nekroz gibi malign özellikler barındıran sebasöz karsinom yer alır. Tedavisinde temel yaklaşım cerrahi eksizyon olup, özellikle Muir-Torre sendromu şüphesi veya genetik kanıtı olan hastalarda internal malignitelerin tespiti için yıllık sistemik taramalar ve yakın takip kritik önem taşır.

Sebaceous adenoma is an uncommon, benign adnexal skin tumor showing sebaceous differentiation, presenting typically around the age of 60 equally in both sexes as yellow-to-flesh-colored papules or nodules primarily on the head and neck, especially the nose and cheeks. Histopathologically, it is characterized by multilobular nodules connected to the epidermis, where a peripheral rim of hyperchromatic basaloid germinative cells, arranged in more than two layers, transitions gradually toward the center into mature sebocytes with expanded, clear cytoplasm. While these neoplasms can occur sporadically, they frequently arise as a component of Muir-Torre syndrome, a variant of Lynch syndrome associated with internal malignancies. Genetically, they are linked to DNA mismatch repair gene defects involving MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, or alterations in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Differential diagnosis requires distinguishing them from sebaceoma, where basaloid cells predominate, and sebaceous carcinoma, which exhibits frank malignant features like cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic activity, and necrosis. The primary treatment is surgical excision; however, for cases linked to Muir-Torre syndrome, regular annual systemic screenings are essential to ensure early detection of associated internal malignancies.

Referanslar

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Sayfalar

93-99

Gelecek

15 Ekim 2022

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