Hidradenom
Özet
Hidradenom, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü sınıflamasına göre deri eki tümörleri grubunda yer alan, ter bezlerinden köken alan ekrin ve apokrin diferansiyasyon gösteren benign bir tümördür. Kadınlarda daha sık gözlenen bu antite; saçlı deri, boyun ve ekstremiteler başta olmak üzere vücudun herhangi bir yerinde yavaş büyüyen, solid veya kistik nodül ya da papül şeklinde klinik verir. Histopatolojik olarak üst veya orta dermiste lokalize, genellikle epidermis ile bağlantısı bulunmayan, lobüle ve iyi sınırlı tümörlerdir. Mikroskopik incelemede bazofilik sitoplazmalı polihedral hücreler ile glikojen içeren berrak hücreler olmak üzere iki temel hücre tipi izlenir. Tanıda immünhistokimyasal olarak EMA ve CEA ile duktal yapılarda pozitif boyanma rehberlik eder. Ayırıcı tanısında poroid hidradenom, trikilemmoma ve metastatik renal hücreli karsinom gibi lezyonlar yer alırken, belirgin sitolojik atipi ve infiltratif patern gösteren malign formu hidradenokarsinomdan ayrımı kritik önem taşır. Genetik profilde CRTC1-MAML2 füzyon geni saptanabilen hidradenomlar, nadir olgularda lenfatik invazyon bildirilmiş olsa da mükemmel prognoza sahip benign neoplazilerdir.
Hidradenoma is a benign skin adnexal tumor originating from sweat glands, demonstrating eccrine and apocrine differentiation according to the WHO classification. More commonly observed in women, it typically presents anywhere on the body, particularly the scalp, neck, and extremities, as a slow-growing, solid or cystic nodule or papule. Histopathologically, these tumors are well-circumscribed, lobulated, and localized within the upper or middle dermis, usually without epidermal connection. Microscopic evaluation reveals two main cell types: polyhedral cells with basophilic cytoplasm and clear cells containing cytoplasmic glycogen. Immunohistochemically, positive staining with EMA and CEA in ductal structures aids in the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes poroid hidradenoma, trichilemmoma, and metastatic renal cell carcinoma, while distinguishing it from hidradenocarcinoma, its malignant counterpart characterized by cytologic atypia and infiltrative patterns, remains critical. Characterized genetically by the CRTC1-MAML2 fusion gene in apocrine variants, hidradenoma is a benign neoplasm with an excellent prognosis, despite exceptional cases exhibiting lymphatic invasion.
Referanslar
WHO Classification of Tumours, 4th Edition Volume 11. (2018)
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