Mikrokistik Adneksiyal Karsinom
Özet
Mikrokistik adneksiyal karsinom (MAK), lokal agresif seyir gösteren nadir bir deri eki tümörüdür. Sklerozan ekrin duktus karsinomu gibi isimlerle de anılan bu antite, kıl folikülü ve ter bezi yönünde kombine diferansiyasyon gösterir. Genellikle 50-60 yaşlarındaki erişkinlerde, yüz bölgesinde ağrısız ve yavaş büyüyen nodül veya plaklar şeklinde ortaya çıkar. Makroskopik olarak sınırları düzensiz dermal nodüller oluşturan lezyon, histopatolojik olarak sklerotik bir stroma içinde subkutan yağ dokusu, kas ve kemiğe kadar uzanabilen infiltratif yuva ve kordonlar sergiler. Yüzeyel alanda keratokistler ve lümenler tanısal ipuçlarıdır; perinöral invazyon ise oldukça sıktır. Moleküler düzeyde 6, 9 ve 17. kromozom değişiklikleri saptanan tümörün ayırıcı tanısında siringom, desmoplastik trikoepitelyoma, morfeiform bazal hücreli karsinom ve metastatik meme karsinomu yer alır; bu ayrımda CK15, CK19, EMA ve CEA gibi immünhistokimyasal belirteçlerden oluşan bir panel kritik rol oynar. Belirgin makroskopik sınır çizmemesi ve yüksek lokal nüks riski nedeniyle tedavisinde geniş cerrahi eksizyon temel yaklaşımdır; perinöral tutulumda kemoradyoterapi eklenebilir. Metastaz nadir olup, hastaların 10 yıllık yaşam beklentisi oldukça yüksektir (%86.4).
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare, locally aggressive cutaneous adnexal neoplasm that exhibits divergent differentiation toward both hair follicles and sweat ducts. Also termed sclerosing sweat duct carcinoma, it characteristically arises on the face of adults in their fifth to sixth decades as slow-growing, painless nodules or plaques. Macroscopically appearing as irregular dermal nodules, MAC histologically displays infiltrative cords and nests within a sclerotic stroma, frequently extending deeply into the subcutaneous fat, muscle, and bone. Diagnostic hallmarks include superficial keratin-filled cysts, intracytoplasmic lumens, and prominent perineural invasion. Molecular alterations involve deletions in chromosomes 6, 9, and 17. Histopathological mimics include syringoma, desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, morpheaform basal cell carcinoma, and metastatic breast carcinoma; differentiation relies on an immunohistochemical panel including CK15, CK19, EMA, and CEA. Because the tumor lacks distinct macroscopic margins and carries a high risk of local recurrence, wide surgical excision is the primary treatment modality, supplemented by chemoradiation in cases with perineural involvement. Nodal and distant metastases are exceedingly rare, and the 10-year survival rate remains exceptionally high at 86.4%.
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