Sistematik Derleme Metodolojisi ve Yazımı
Özet
Sistematik derlemeler, klinik uygulama kılavuzları ve sağlık politikalarını geliştirmek adına biyomedikal bilgileri bilimsel bir yaklaşımla toplayıp sentezleyen, kanıt piramidinin en üst basamağında yer alan güçlü bilimsel çalışmalardır. Sağlık alanında hızla artan literatür hacmi karşısında, karar vericilerin en doğru ve güncel bilgiye ulaşmasını sağlayarak yanlılığı ortadan kaldırmayı amaçlar. Geçmişi 1753 yılında James Lind'in iskorbüt hastalığı üzerine yaptığı ilk çalışmaya kadar uzanan bu metodoloji, zamanla Archie Cochrane'in randomize kontrollü çalışmaların önemini vurgulaması ve Gene Glass'ın "meta-analiz" terimini literatüre kazandırmasıyla modern ilkelerine kavuşmuştur. Günümüzde her yıl on binden fazla sistematik derleme yayınlanmakta ve dünya genelinde en çok Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde üretim yapılmaktadır; Türkiye ise bu sıralamada oldukça düşük bir yayın sayısına sahiptir. Genellikle tamamlanması yaklaşık 12 ay süren bu zahmetli süreç, konu ve metodoloji uzmanlarından oluşan, hata payını en aza indirmek adına en az iki kişinin bağımsız çalıştığı multidisipliner bir ekip ve geniş bir paydaş katılımı gerektirir. Süreç; konunun belirlenmesi, sorunun PICOS kriterlerine göre daraltılması, kapsamlı literatür taraması, kalite değerlendirmesi, verilerin sentezi ve ayrıntılı raporlama basamaklarından oluşmaktadır.
Systematic reviews are powerful scientific studies located at the top of the evidence pyramid, providing a scientific approach to collecting and synthesizing biomedical information to improve clinical practice guidelines and health policies. Aiming to eliminate bias, they ensure that decision-makers reach the most accurate and up-to-date data amidst the rapidly growing volume of health literature. With a history dating back to James Lind's first study on scurvy in 1753, this methodology achieved its modern principles over time through Archie Cochrane's emphasis on randomized controlled trials and Gene Glass's introduction of the term "meta-analysis". Today, more than ten thousand systematic reviews are published annually, with the highest production occurring in the United States, while Turkey has a relatively low number of publications. This arduous process, which typically takes about 12 months to complete, requires a multidisciplinary team of subject and methodological experts working independently in pairs to minimize errors, along with extensive stakeholder engagement. The workflow consists of identifying the topic, narrowing the research question based on PICOS criteria, comprehensive literature searching, quality assessment, data synthesis, and detailed reporting.
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