Diyabetik Ayak: Epidemiyoloji

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Özet

Diyabetik ayak yaraları, hastalar ve toplum üzerinde ağır ekonomik ve psikososyal yük oluşturan, teşhis ve tedavisi oldukça zahmetli kronik sağlık sorunlarıdır. Tüm dünyada diyabetik bireylerin yaşam boyu ayak yarası geliştirme riski %19-34 arasında değişmekte, küresel prevalansı ise ortalama %6.3 olarak bildirilmektedir. Nöropati varlığı yara açılma insidansını belirgin şekilde artırırken, diyabetik ayak komplikasyonları erkeklerde, yaşlılarda, düşük vücut kitle indeksine sahip bireylerde ve Tip II diyabet hastalarında daha sık gözlenmektedir. Klinik olarak enfekte olan yaraların yaklaşık %20’si amputasyonla sonuçlanmakta; yara varlığı, minör veya majör amputasyonlar hastaların 5 yıllık mortalite riskini ciddi oranda artırmaktadır. Yaralar tamamen iyileşse dahi nöropati, ayak deformiteleri ve yüksek plantar stres gibi kalıcı faktörler ile ağrı duyusunun kaybı sebebiyle ilk 1 yılda %40, 5 yılda ise %65 oranında yüksek nüks (rekürrens) riski taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle hastaların iyileşme sonrasında da sürekli izlenmesi ve eğitimi kritik öneme sahiptir. Dünya genelinde ciddi bir engellilik yüküne yol açan bu komplikasyonlar, erken ölüm riskinin de bağımsız birer göstergesidir.

Diabetic foot ulcers are chronic health problems that pose heavy economic and psychosocial burdens on patients and society, with difficult and time-consuming diagnosis and treatment processes. The lifetime risk of developing foot ulcers in diabetic individuals worldwide ranges between 19% and 34%, with a global prevalence averaging 6.3%. While the presence of neuropathy significantly increases ulcer incidence, diabetic foot complications are more frequently observed in males, older individuals, those with a lower body mass index, and Type II diabetic patients. Approximately 20% of clinically infected ulcers result in amputation; the presence of wounds, minor, or major amputations substantially raises the 5-year mortality risk of patients. Even if the wounds completely heal, they carry a high recurrence risk of 40% within the first year and 65% within 5 years due to persistent factors like neuropathy, foot deformities, high plantar stress, and the loss of pain sensation. Therefore, continuous monitoring and education of patients even after healing are of critical importance. Causing a severe global burden of disability, these complications serve as independent indicators of early mortality risk.

Referanslar

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Sayfalar

31-34

Yayınlanan

4 Kasım 2022

Lisans

Lisans