Göğüs Cerrahisi Tarihçesi
Özet
Göğüs cerrahisinin tarihsel gelişimi, insanlığın varoluşundan bu yana tıp alanında milim milim ilerleyen muazzam bir bilgi birikiminin ürünüdür. Antik dönemde Edwin Smith papirüsü, Homeros’un İlyada destanı ve tıp tarihinin dönüm noktası sayılan Hipokrat’ın ampiyem tedavisine dair ilk torakostomi ve drenaj tarifleri, bu cerrahi dalının en eski temellerini oluşturur. Orta Çağ’da Avrupa karanlık bir dönem yaşarken, İslam dünyasında Razi, El-Zahravi ve İbn-i Sina gibi hekimler yaptıkları cerrahi müdahaleler ve geliştirdikleri aletlerle tıbba öncülük etmiş, İbn-i Nefs ise küçük dolaşımı mükemmele yakın şekilde tanımlamıştır. Yeni Çağ ve Yakın Çağ'da Vesalius’un anatomi çalışmaları, Morgagni’nin patoloji tespitleri, Laennec’in stetoskopu icadı ve Forlanini’nin tüberküloz tedavisindeki buluşları cerrahiyi modern döneme taşımıştır. 19. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren anestezi, görüntüleme teknikleri, antibiyotiklerin keşfi ve kapalı su altı drenaj sisteminin kullanılması, göğüs cerrahisindeki yüksek mortalite oranlarını düşürerek emniyetli müdahalelerin önünü açmıştır. Günümüzde ise ilk başarılı lobektomi ve pnömonektomilerden, 1960’larda başlayan akciğer transplantasyonuna ve günümüzün en ileri teknolojisi olan robotik cerrahi ile görüntülü göğüs cerrahisi (VATS) uygulamalarına kadar uzanan bu süreç, tıp biliminin bitmek bilmeyen hayal gücü ve adanmışlığıyla gelişimini sürdürmektedir.
The historical development of thoracic surgery is the product of an immense accumulation of knowledge in the field of medicine, advancing inch by inch since the dawn of humanity. In the ancient period, the Edwin Smith papyrus, Homer's epic Iliad, and Hippocrates' first definitions of thoracostomy and drainage for empyema treatment, considered turning points in medical history, formed the earliest foundations of this surgical field. While Europe experienced a dark age during the Medieval period, Islamic scholars such as Razi, Al-Zahravi, and Avicenna pioneered medicine with their surgical interventions and instruments, and Ibn al-Nafis described the minor circulation near perfectly. In the Modern Era, Vesalius’s anatomical studies, Morgagni’s pathological findings, Laennec’s invention of the stethoscope, and Forlanini’s breakthroughs in tuberculosis treatment propelled surgery into the modern era. Since the late 19th century, advancements in anesthesia, imaging techniques, the discovery of antibiotics, and the implementation of closed water-seal drainage systems reduced high mortality rates and enabled safer interventions. Today, this process, extending from the first successful lobectomies and pneumonectomies to lung transplantation starting in the 1960s, and contemporary video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and robotic surgery, continues to evolve through the endless imagination and dedication of medical science.
Referanslar
Risse GB. Imhotep and medicine. A reevaluation. West J Med. 1986;144:622-624
Sanchez GM, Meltzer ES (eds). The Edwin Smith Papirus. Updated Translation of The Trauma Treatise and Modern Medical Commentaries. Atlanta, Georgia: Lockwood Press, 2012;219-268
Özyurtkan MO, Bostancı K (2018). Toraks Travması Tarihçesi. Mehmet Oğuzhan Özyurtkan, Korkut Bostancı, Berkant Özpolat (Ed.), Toraks Travmaları (s1-11). Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitapevi
Santos GH. Chest trauma during the Battle of troy: Ancient warfare and chest trauma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:1285-1287
Hippocrates. On diseases II. In: Potter P, transl. Hippocrates. Vol 5. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1988:271-276
Christopoulou AH, Papvramidou N. Empyemas of the thoracic cavity in the Hippocratic corpus. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85:1132-1135
Hippocrates. On diseases III. In: Potter P, transl. Hippocrates. Vol 6. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1988:39–43
Brandstsdt WG, Jung FT, Halperin G et all. Early History of Thoracic Surgery. JAMA. 1960;174(2):172-173
Eyman S. Dünyada Göğüs cerrahisinin Gelişimi (2013). İlker Ökten, Hasan Şevket Kavukçu (Ed). Göğüs Cerrahisi (s1-7). İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitapevi.
Nicol AJ, Navsaria PH, Kahn D. History of Cardiac Trauma Surgery. CME. 2013;31:206-214
Aslaner O. Toraks Cerrahisinin Tarihçesi (2007). Hatipoğlu A, Bozer AY (Ed.). Toraks Cerrahisi (S 3-19). Ankara. Azim Matbaacılık.
Dezfouli AA, Kakhki AD, Arab M et all. History of thoracic surgery in İran. Tanaffos. 2007;6(2):80-91
Abdulcasis, On Surgery and Instruments. Translated by Martin S. Spink ve G.L. Levis. Berkeley 1973:532
Markatos K, Mavrogenis A, Brilakis E et all. Abulcasis (936–1013): his work and contribution to orthopaedics. Orthopaedic Heritage. 2019;43(9): 2199-2203
Batırel HF. Early İslamic physicians and thorax. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67: 578-580, doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(98)0129-8
Meyerhof M. Ibn an-nafis (13th century) and his theory of the lesser circulation. Isis. 1935;23:100-119
Lindskog GE. Some historical aspects of thoracic trauma. J Thorac Card Surg. 1961;42:1-11
Acıduman A, Arda B. Tıp tarihimizden Cerrahnameler ışığında Ülkemizde Göğüs Cerrahisi (2013). İlker Ökten, Hasan Şevket Kavukçu (edt.). Göğüs Cerrahisi (s 9-30). İstanbul. İstanbul Tıp Kitapevi
Batırel HF, Yüksel M. Thoracic Surgery Techniques of Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu in the Fifteenth Century. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 63(2): 575–577, doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(96)01234-9
Batırel HF, Yuksel M. Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Göğüs Cerrahisi (2001). Yüksel M, Kalaycı NG (edt). Göğüs Cerrahisi (S 1-5). İstanbul: Bil Medya Grup,
Kaya ŞO, Karatepe M, Tok T et all. Were pneumothorax and its management known in 15th-century Anatolia? Tex Heart Inst J. 2009;36:152-154
Churchill ED. Wound surgery encounters a dilemma. J Thoracic Surg. 1958;35:279-290
Pare A. Oeuvres completes. Vol II, Chapter 32. Des playes du thorax ou poitrine. Edited by Malgaigne JF, Paris 1840.
Cohn SM, Dubose JJ. Pulmonary contusion: An update on recent advances in clinical management. World J Surg. 2010;34:1959-70, doi: 10.1007/s00268-010-0599-9
Morgagni GB. The sats and causes of diseases investigated by anatomy (AD 1761) (Trasnlated by B Alexander).Vol III. London, Millar and Cadell, 1769, 192-194
Roguin, A. (2006). Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781-1826): The Man Behind the Stethoscope. Clinical Medicine & Research, 4(3),230-235
Skandalakis PN, Lainas P, Zoras O et all.(2006). “To Afford the Wounded Speedy Assistance”: Dominique Jean Larrey and Napoleon. World Journal of Surgery. 30(8):1392-1399
Brewer LA. Baron Dominique Jean Larrey (1766–1842). Father of modern military surgery, innovator, humanist. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1986;92:1096-1098
Mazzarello P (2020). A Physical Cure for Tuberculosis: Carlo Forlanini and the Invention of Therapeutic Pneumothorax. Applied Sciences. 2020;10(9):3138
Hansson N, Polianski IJ (2015). Therapeutic Pneumothorax and the Nobel Prize. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2015;100(2):761-765
Cerenville EB. De l’intervention operatoiredans les maladies du poumon. Revue medicale de la Suisse romande. 1885;5(8):441-467
Sauerbruch F. Die Chirurgie der Brustorgane 2nd ed. Berlin, Speringer;1920
Alexander J. Some advances in the technic of thoracoplasty. Ann Surg. 1936;104(04):545-551
Naef A. The mid-century revolution in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery: Part 1. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2003;2(3):219-226, doi:10.1016/S1569-9293(03)00130-0
Topuzlu C. Ord. Prof. Dr. Cemil Topuzlu (1866-1958). Anatol J Cardiol. 2012;12(4):374-374
Topuzlu C. 80 Yıllık Hatıralarım (1951). İhsan Işık Resimli ve Metin Örnekli Türkiye Edebiyatçılar ve Kültür Adamları Ansiklopedisi 2. Baskı, 2009
Adnan A. 19.Yüzyılda Türkiye’de Cerrahinin Gelişimi ve Op. Dr. Cemil Topuzlu Paşa. OTAM Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi. C 16, S 16, 2004:66-76
Hatzinger M, Kwon ST, Langbein S et all. (2006). Hans Christian Jacobaeus: Inventor of Human Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy. Journal of Endourology. 2006;20(11):848-850
Jakobaeus HC. Endopleurale Operationen unter der Leitung des Torakoskops. Beitrage zur klinic der Tuberculose und spezifischen Tuberculose-Forschung. 1916;35(1):1-35
Meyer JA (1989). Gotthard Bülau and Closed Water-Seal Drainage for Empyema, 1875–1891. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1989;48(4):597-599. doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(10)66876-2
Brunn H. Surgical principles underlying one-stage lobectomy. Arch Surg. 1929;18(1 Part 2):490-515.
Graham EA, Singer JJ. Successful removal of an entire lung for carcinoma of the bronchus. JAMA. 1933;101(18):1371-1374
Thomas PC. Conservative resection of the bronchial tree. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1956;1(13):169-186
Paulson DL, Shaw RR. Results of bronchoplastic procedures for bronchogenic carcinoma. Ann Surg. 1960;151:729-40
Belsey R. Stainless steel wire suture technique in thoracic surgery. Thorax. 1946;1:39-47
Abbott OA. Experiences with the surgical resection of the human carina, tracheal wall, and contralateral bronchial wall in cases of right total pneumonectomy. J Thorac Surg. 1950;19:906-22
Kergin FG. Carcinoma of the trachea. J Thorac Surg. 1952;23:164-171
Andrei IG, Charles T, Bakhos RV et all. The current state of carinal resection and role of minimally invasive techniques. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2021;10(10):4029-4034
Naef, A. The mid-century revolution in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery: Part 2 Prelude to 20th century cardio-thoracic surgery. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2(4):431-449
Fleming A. On the antibacteriel action of cultures of a Penicillium with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. İnfluenzae. Br J Exp Pathol. 1929;10(3):226-236
Koch R. Die Aetiologie der Tuberkulose. Berlin Klinn Wochenschrift. 1882;428-445 (translate . Pinner B, Pinner M. Am Rev Tuberc. 1932;25:298-323
Odell JA. How an aspirine, a throat swap from a chicken, and four Guinea pigs changes thoracic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;93(5):1753-1760
Macewen W. Clinical observations on the introduction of trachel tubes by the mouth instead of performing tracheotomy or larygotomy. Br Med J. 1880;2(1022):122-124
Jackson C. Tracheostomy. Laryngoscope. 1909;19(4):285-290
Carlens E. A new flexible double-lumen catheter for bronchospirometry. J Thorac Surg. 1949;18(5):742-746
Sanders RD. Two Ventilating atthechments for bronchoscopes. Delaware Med j. 1967;39(7):170-175
Ziedses des Plantes BG. Een Bijzondere methode voor het maken van Röntgenphoto’s van schedel en wervelkolom. Ned Tijdhscr Geneeskd. 1931;75(42):5212-5222.
Waver WD, Coolen J, Verschakelen JA. Thoracic Imaging. In: Kuzdzal J (edt). ESTS Texbook of Thoracic Surgery. Volume:1. Medycyna Praktyczna. 2014(1): 35-45
Mack MJ, Aranoff RJ, Acuff TE et all. Present role of thoracoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the chest. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992;54(3):403-409
Landreneau RJ, Marc MJ, Hazelrigg SE et all. Video-asisted thoracic surgery: basic tecnical consepts and intercostal approachstrategies. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992;54(4):800-807
Menzies R, Charbonneau M. Thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of pleural disease. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114(4):271-276, doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-114-4-271.
Cardillo G, Facciolo F, Giunti R. Videothoracoscopic treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a 6-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69(2):357-362
D’Amico TA. Thoracoscopic lobectomy: evolving and improving. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;132(3):464-465
Hardy JD, Webb WR, Dalton MR et all. Lung Homotransplantation in Man. JAMA. 1963;186(12):1065-1074
Reitz BA, Wallwork JL. Hunt SA et all. Heart-Lung Transplantation: successful therapy for patients with pulmonary vascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1982;306(10):557–564
Unilateral Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Fibrosis. Toronto Lung Transplant Group. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(18), 1140–1145
Noirlerc MJ, Metras D, Vaillant A et all. Bilateral bronchial anastomosis in double lung and heart-lung transplantations. Eur J. Cardio-Thoracic Surg. 1990;4(6):314-317
Bisson A, Bonnette P. A new technique for double lung transplantation. “Bilateral single lung” transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1992;103(1):40-6
Venuta F, Raemdonck DV. History of lung transplantation. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(12):5458-5471
Kalan S, Chauhan S, Coelho RF et all. (2010). History of robotic surgery. Journal of Robotic Surgery. 2010;4(3):141–147
