Çocuğa Kötü Muamele
Özet
Çocuğa kötü muamele (ÇKM), 18 yaşın altındaki bireylerin sağlığına, gelişimine ve onuruna zarar veren her türlü fiziksel, duygusal, cinsel istismar ve ihmal vakalarını kapsayan küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Literatürde standart bir tanımlama ve sınıflandırma sistemi bulunmamakla birlikte, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ), Hastalık Kontrol ve Önleme Merkezi (CDC) ve Türk Ceza Kanunu gibi ulusal ve uluslararası birçok kurum konuyu kendi dinamikleri içinde ele almıştır. DSÖ’nün verilerine göre çocukluk dönemi kötü muamele oranları %16 ile %36 arasında değişmekte, küresel meta-analizler ise milyonlarca çocuğun düzenli olarak şiddete ve ihmale maruz kaldığını göstermektedir. Bu durum çocuklarda ömür boyu sürecek biyo-psiko-sosyal yıkımlara ve hatta ölümcül sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir. ÇKM ile mücadelede; ISPCAN ve UNICEF gibi uluslararası kurumların yanı sıra Türkiye'de UCİM ve Nirengi Derneği gibi sivil toplum kuruluşları aktif rol oynamaktadır. Ayrıca mağdurların ve tanıkların hızla yardım alabilmesi amacıyla Türkiye'de Alo 183 ve Alo 155, küresel düzeyde ise çeşitli ülkelerde 7/24 hizmet veren telefon yardım hatları kurulmuştur. Sorunun kalıcı olarak çözülmesi ve önlenmesi adına okul temelli eğitim programları (Cool and Safe, IGEL vb.) uygulanarak çocuklara güvenli dokunuşlar ve kendini koruma becerileri kazandırılmaktadır.
Child maltreatment (CM) is a global public health problem encompassing all forms of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as neglect, that harm the health, development, and dignity of individuals under the age of 18. Although there is no standard definition or classification system in the literature, many national and international institutions, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Turkish Penal Code, address the issue within their own dynamics. According to WHO data, childhood maltreatment rates vary between 16% and 36%, and global meta-analyses reveal that millions of children are regularly exposed to violence and neglect. This situation can cause lifelong bio-psycho-social devastation in children and even lead to fatal outcomes. In the fight against CM, international organizations like ISPCAN and UNICEF, as well as non-governmental organizations in Turkey such as UCİM and the Nirengi Association, play an active role. Additionally, 24/7 hotlines, such as Alo 183 and Alo 155 in Turkey and various others globally, have been established for victims and witnesses to access urgent support. To ensure permanent prevention, school-based intervention programs (such as Cool and Safe, IGEL, etc.) are implemented to teach children about safe touches and self-protection skills.
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