Gebelik Döneminde Laktasyon
Özet
Gebelik döneminde laktasyonun (emzirmenin) anne, fetus ve süt çocuğu üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen bu çalışmada, emzirmenin yumurtlama döngüsünü baskılayarak laktasyonel amenore metodu (LAM) ile doğal bir korunma sağladığı, ancak ek gıdaya geçişle koruyuculuğun düştüğü belirtilmektedir. Literatür incelendiğinde gebelikte emzirmenin etkilerine dair çelişkili sonuçlar mevcuttur; bazı çalışmalar emziren annelerde hemoglobin değerlerinin ve kilo alımının emzirmeyenlere kıyasla daha düşük olduğunu ve anemi riskinin arttığını göstermektedir. Fetus üzerindeki etkilerde ise bazı araştırmalar spontan abortus (düşük) ve erken doğum riskinde anlamlı bir fark bulamazken, diğer geniş kapsamlı çalışmalar özellikle yetersiz beslenen annelerde emzirmenin artmış düşük riski, intrauterin büyüme kısıtlılığı (IUGR) ve düşük doğum ağırlığı ile ilişkili olduğunu savunmaktadır. Ayrıca, düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerde gebelikte emzirmenin çocukluk çağı malnütrisyonuna, boy kısalığına ve zayıflığına yol açabildiği, bu olumsuz etkilerin gebelikle çakışan emzirme süresi uzadıkça arttığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, literatürde gebelikte emzirmenin etkileri konusunda ortak bir fikir birliği bulunmadığından, emzirmeye devam etme kararının gebenin mevcut sağlık ve beslenme durumu göz önünde bulundurularak bireyselleştirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.
In this study examining the effects of lactation (breastfeeding) during pregnancy on the mother, fetus, and infant, it is stated that breastfeeding suppresses the ovulation cycle and provides natural protection through the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM), though its efficacy decreases with the introduction of complementary foods. When the literature is reviewed, conflicting results exist regarding the effects of breastfeeding during pregnancy; some studies indicate that breastfeeding mothers have lower hemoglobin levels and weight gain compared to non-breastfeeding mothers, alongside an increased risk of anemia. Regarding the effects on the fetus, while some research finds no significant difference in the risks of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) and preterm birth, other comprehensive studies argue that breastfeeding is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and low birth weight, particularly in undernourished mothers. Furthermore, it has been observed in low- and middle-income countries that breastfeeding during pregnancy can lead to childhood malnutrition, stunting, and wasting, and these adverse effects increase as the duration of breastfeeding overlapping with pregnancy lengthens. Consequently, since there is no consensus in the literature on the impacts of breastfeeding during pregnancy, it is emphasized that the decision to continue breastfeeding should be individualized, taking into account the current health and nutritional status of the pregnant woman.
Referanslar
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