Anterior ST Elevasyonlu Miyokardiyal Enfarktüs ile Gelen Minoca Vakası

Yazarlar

Esma Çetinkaya
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8410-0767

Özet

Bu vaka takdiminde, tipik göğüs ağrısı ve anterior ST elevasyonlu elektrokardiyografi (EKG) ile hastaneye başvuran 52 yaşında bir kadın hasta sunulmuştur. Hastanın acil servise sabah erken saatlerde başlayan, 2 saattir devam eden ve pozisyonla değişmeyen baskı tarzında göğüs ağrısı ve terleme şikayetleri mevcuttu. Yapılan fizik muayenesinde vitalleri stabil seyreden hastanın 20 paket/yıl sigara öyküsü dışında bilinen bir hastalığı veya kronik ilaç kullanımı bulunmuyordu. EKG'sinde v2-v6 derivasyonlarında ST segment elevasyonu saptanması üzerine akut anterior ST elevasyonlu miyokardiyal enfarktüs ön tanısıyla acilen kateter laboratuvarına alındı. Selektif koroner anjiyografisinde Cx ve RCA normal izlenirken, LAD proksimal segmentte kısa bir lezyon tespit edildi. Stent implantasyonu öncesinde hastaya uygulanan 0.2 cc intrakoroner nitrogliserin enjeksiyonu sonrasında bu lezyonun tamamen ortadan kalktığı görüldü. Kateter ekibi tarafından vazospazm olarak değerlendirilen tablo neticesinde stent implantasyonundan vazgeçildi ve hastaya vasospazma bağlı MINOCA (obstrüktif lezyonların eşlik etmediği miyokardiyal enfarktüs) tanısı konuldu. Laboratuvarda hs-troponin yüksekliği (0,119 ng/ml) ve ekokardiyografide LVEF %50 ile apikal duvarda hipokinezi izlendi. Takotsubo kardiyomiyopatisi ve Kounis sendromu gibi ayırıcı tanılar dışlandı. Hasta, yatışının üçüncü gününde asetilsalisilik asit, klopidogrel, atorvastatin ve diltiazem içeren ikili antiagregan ve kalsiyum kanal blokeri tedavisiyle, semptomsuz ve stabil olarak taburcu edildi.

This case report presents a 52-year-old female patient who admitted to the hospital with typical chest pain and anterior ST-elevation electrocardiography (ECG). The patient experienced a pressure-like chest pain and sweating that started early in the morning, lasted for 2 hours, and did not change with position or respiration. Her vitals were stable, and she had a history of 20 pack-years of smoking, with no prior diseases or chronic medication use. Due to ST-segment elevation in leads v2-v6, she was urgently taken to the catheterization laboratory with a preliminary diagnosis of acute anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Selective coronary angiography revealed no significant lesions in the Cx and RCA, but a short lesion was observed in the proximal segment of the LAD. Prior to stent implantation, 0.2 cc of intracoronary nitroglycerin was administered, after which the control imaging demonstrated a complete resolution of the lesion. The catheterization team interpreted this as a vasospasm, and stent implantation was canceled. The patient was diagnosed with MINOCA (myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries) secondary to coronary vasospasm. Laboratory findings showed elevated hs-troponin (0.119 ng/ml), and echocardiography revealed an LVEF of 50% with apical hypokinesia. Differential diagnoses, including Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and Kounis syndrome, were excluded. On the third day of hospitalization, the patient was discharged stable and symptom-free with medical therapy consisting of dual antiplatelets and a calcium channel blocker, including acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel, atorvastatin, and diltiazem.

Referanslar

Pasupathy, Sivabaskari, Rosanna Tavella, and John F. Beltrame. "The what, when, who, why, how and where of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA)." Circulation Journal 80.1 (2015): 11-16.

Niccoli, Giampaolo, Giancarla Scalone, and Filippo Crea. "Acute myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary atherosclerosis: mechanisms and management." European heart journal 36.8 (2015): 475-481.

Agewall, Stefan, et al. "ESC working group position paper on myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries." European heart journal 38.3 (2017): 143-153.

DeWood MA, Spores J, Notske R, et al. Prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the early hours of transmural myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:897–902. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198010163031601.

Lindahl, Bertil, et al. "Medical therapy for secondary prevention and long-term outcome in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary artery disease." Circulation 135.16 (2017): 1481-1489.

Dastidar, Amardeep Ghosh, et al. "Prognostic role of CMR and conventional risk factors in myocardial infarction with nonobstructed coronary arteries." JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging 12.10 (2019): 1973-1982.

Ibanez, Borja, and Stefan James. "The 2017 ESC STEMI Guidelines." European heart journal 39.2 (2018): 79-82.

Canpolat, Uğur, D. Koçyiǧit, and Kudret Aytemir. "Interesting presentation of Kounis syndrome secondary to amoxicillin/clavulanate use: Coronary vasospasm and simultaneous appropriate implantable defibrillator shock." (2017).

Yayınlanan

6 Ocak 2023

Lisans

Lisans