Delirium Management in Coronary Intensive Care

Sharma A, Malhotra S, Grover S et al. Incidence, prevalence, risk factor and outcome of delirium in intensive care unit: a study from India. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2012;34:639-46. Doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.06.009

Inouye SK, Westendorp RG, Saczynski JS. Delirium in elderly people. Lancet. 2014;383:911-22. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60688-1

Gleason OC. Delirium. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67:1027-34.

Erbay Ö, Kelebek Girgin N. Measurement tools frequently used in the evaluation of delirium examinition, Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine. 2020;46(1):113-121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.676518

Doğu Ö, Kaya H. Delirium and nursing care in intensive care. Journal Hum Rhythm. 2017;3(2):81-84.

Deliryum. https://www.etimolojiturkce.com/ word /delirium.

Wolraich ML, Hagan JF, Allan C et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2019;144:e20192528.DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-2528

Setters B, Solberg LM. Delirium. Prim Care. 2017;44:541-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2017.04.010

Ely EW, Stephens RK, Jackson JC et al. Current opinions regarding the importance, diagnosis, and

management of delirium in the intensive care unit: a survey of 912 healthcare professionals. Critical

care medicine. 2004;32:106-12. DOI:10.1097/01.CCM.0000098033.94737.84

Trzepacz, P.T., Delirium. Advances in diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 1996. 19(3): p. 429-48. DOI: 10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70299-9

Flacker, J.M., et al., The association of serum anticholinergic activity with delirium in elderly medical patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 1998. 6(1): p. 31-41.

Mach JR Jr, Dysken MW, Kuskowski M, et al. Serum anticholinergic activity in hospitalized older persons with delirium: a preliminary study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43:491. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb06094.x

Trzepacz PT. The neuropathogenesis of delirium. A need to focus our research. Psychosomatics 1994; 35:374. DOI: 10.1016/S0033-3182(94)71759-X

Maclullich, A. M., Ferguson, K. J., Miller, T., de Rooij, S. E. & Cunningham, C. Unravelling the pathophysiology of delirium: a focus on the role of aberrant stress responses. J. Psychosom. Res. 65, 229–238 (2008). DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.05.019

Deiner, S. et al. Human plasma biomarker responses to inhalational general anaesthesia without surgery. Br. J. Anaesth.DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.085

Maldonado JR. Neuropathogenesis of delirium: review of current etiologic theories and common pathways. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013 Dec;21(12):1190–1222. DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.09.005

Kaya E, Sönmez S, Barlas F. Delirium. European Archives of Medical Research. 2013;29:70-74.

18.Kaplan&SadockClinik Book of Psychiatry 11th Edition, 698-699.

Mehta SR, Prabhu H, Swamy AJ, et al. Delirium tremens. Med J Armed Forces India. 2004;60:25-7., DOI: 10.1016/S0377-1237(04)80152-7

Kaplan&SadockClinik Book of Psychiatry 11th Edition,631

Rahman A, Paul M. Delirium tremens. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL), StatPearls Publishing, 2021.

Ashla MFM. Deliryum. Neurogy in clinical practice, Boston. 2000;25-36.

Tuncer S, Bayraktar E, Özmen E. Delirium.Organic mental disorders. Ege University/İzmir. 1989;sy:1-27.

Işık E, Baysal Aİ. Deliryum. In: Organic Psychiatry. Işık E, Ankara 1999:167-185.

Özkan S. Delirium and dementia. Psychiatric Medicine: Consultation – Liaison Psychiatry. İstanbul 1993:27-33.

Lipowski ZJ. Delirium (acute confusional states). JAMA. Oct 1987;258(13):1789-1792.

Packard RC. Delirium.Neurologist. Nov 2001;7(6):327-340.DOI: 10.1097/00127893-200111000-00002

Heymann A, Sander M, Krahne D, et al. Hyperactive delirium and blood glucose control in critically ill patients. Journal of International Medical Research .Sep-Oct 2007;35(5):666-677. DOI: 10.1177/147323000703500511

Han JH, Zimmerman EE, Cutler N,et al. Delirium in Older Emergency Department Patients: Recognition, Risk Factors, and Psychomotor Subtypes. Academic Emergency Medicine 16 (3), 2009, 193-200. DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00339.x

Voyer P, Cole MG, McCusker J, et al. Characteristics of institutionalized older patients with delirium newly admitted to an acute care hospital. Clinical Effectivenes in Nursing.2005;9:13-25. doi.org/10.1016/j.cein.2005.08.001

Peterson JF, Pun BT, Dittus RS et al. Delirium and its motoric subtypes: a study of 614critically ill patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2006;54:479-484. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00621.x

Wong, C.L., et al., Does This Patient Have Delirium?: Value of Bedside Instruments. JAMA, 2010. 304(7): p. 779-786. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1182

Marcantonio ER, Ngo LH, O’Connor M, et al. 3D-CAM: derivation and validation of a 3-minute diagnostic interview for CAM-defined delirium: a cross-sectional diagnostic test study. Annals of Internal Medicine 2014;161:554–61. DOI: 10.7326/M14-0865

Han, J. H., Wilson, A., & Ely, E. W. (2010). Delirium in the older emergency department patient: a quiet epidemic. Emergency Medicine Clinics, 28(3), 611-631. DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2010.03.005

Erbay Ö, Kelebek Girgin N. Measurement tools frequently used in the evaluation of delirium examinition, Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine.2020;46(1):113-121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.676518

Janssen, N. J. et al. On the utility of diagnostic instruments for pediatric delirium in critical illness: an evaluation of the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale, the delirium rating scale 88, and the delirium rating scale-revised R-98. Intens. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2244-y

O'Mahony R, Murthy L, Akunne A, et al. Synopsis of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guideline for prevention of delirium. Annals of internal medicine. 011;154(11): 746-51. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-11-201106070-00006

Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo K, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Critical care medicine. 2013;41(1):263-306.DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182783b72

Francis J, Martin D, Kapoor WN. A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly. Jama. 1990;263(8):1097-101.

Peterson JF, Pun BT, Dittus RS, et al. Delirium and its motoric subtypes: a study of 614 critically ill patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2006;54(3):479-84. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00621.x

Schneider LS, Dagerman KS, Insel P. Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Jama. 2005;294(15):1934-43. DOI: 10.1001/jama.294.15.1934

Flaherty JH, Gonzales JP, Dong B. Antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium in older hospitalized adults: a systematic review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2011;59:S269-S76. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03675.x

Inouye SK, Zhang Y, Jones RN, et al. Risk factors for delirium at discharge: development and validation of a predictive model. Archives of internal medicine. 2007;167(13):1406-13. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.167.13.1406

Cole MG, McCusker J, Bellavance F, et al. Systematic detection and multidisciplinary care of delirium in older medical inpatients: a randomized trial. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne. 2002;167(7):753-9.

Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Carson SS, et al. Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for ICU delirium: the MIND randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Critical care medicine. 2010;38(2):428. DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181c58715

Girard TD, Exline MC, Carson SS, et al. Haloperidol and ziprasidone for treatment of delirium in critical illness. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;379(26):2506-16. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808217

Breitbart W, Marotta R, Platt MM, et al. A double- blind trial of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam in the treatment of delirium in hospitalized AIDS patients. Focus. 2005;153(2):231-340. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.153.2.231

Hakim SM, Othman AI, Naoum DO. Early Treatment with Risperidone for Subsyndromal Delirium after On-pump Cardiac Surgery in the ElderlyA Randomized Trial. Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. 2012;116(5):987-97. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31825153cc

Mu JL, Lee A, Joynt GM. Pharmacologic agents for the prevention and treatment of delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: systematic review and metaanalysis. Critical care medicine. 2015;43(1):194-204. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000673

Parellada E, Baeza I, Martínez G. Risperidone in the treatment of patients with delirium. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2004;65(3):348-53. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v65n0310

Hawkins SB, Bucklin M, Muzyk AJ. Quetiapine for the treatment of delirium. Journal of hospital medicine. 2013;8(4):215-20. DOI: 10.1002/jhm.2019

Lonergan E, Britton AM, Luxenberg J. Antipsychotics for delirium. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2007(2). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005594.pub2

Campbell N, Boustani MA, Ayub A, et al. Pharmacological management of delirium in hospitalized adults–a systematic evidence review. Journal of general internal medicine. 2009;24(7):848-53. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-009-0996-7

Devlin JW, Roberts RJ, Fong JJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of quetiapine in critically ill patients with delirium: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Critical care medicine. 2010;38(2):419-27. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181b9e302

Carnes M, Howell T, Rosenberg M, et al. Physicians vary in approaches to the clinical management of delirium. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2003;51(2):234-9. DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51063.x

Pandharipande P, Shintani A, Peterson J, et al. Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. 2006;104(1):21-6. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200601000-00005

Lonergan E, Luxenberg J, Areosa Sastre A, et al. Benzodiazepines for delirium. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2009(1):Cd006379. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006379.pub2

van Eijk MM, Roes KC, Honing ML, et al. Effect of rivastigmine as an adjunct to usual care with haloperidol on duration of delirium and mortality in critically ill patients: a multicentre, double-blind, placebo- controlled randomised trial. The Lancet. 2010;376(9755):1829-37. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61855-7

Bush SH, Tierney S, Lawlor PG. Clinical assessment and management of delirium in the palliative care setting. Drugs. 2017;77(15):1623-43. DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0804-3

Atalan N, Sevim ME, Akgün S, et al. Morphine is a reasonable alternative to haloperidol in the treatment of postoperative hyperactive-type delirium after cardiac surgery. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia. 2013;27(5):933- 8. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.01.017

Platt MM, Breitbart W, Smith M, et al. Efficacy of neuroleptics for hypoactive delirium. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences. 1994. DOI: 10.1176/jnp.6.1.66

Breitbart W, Alici Y. Evidence-based treatment of delirium in patients with cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2012;30(11):1206. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2011.39.8784