Lithium Intoxication

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Domínguez Ortega L, Medina Ortiz O, Cabrera García-Armenter S. Intoxicación con litio [Lithium intoxication]. Anales de Medicina Interna. 2006 Sep;23(9):441-5. Spanish. doi: 10.4321/s0212-71992006000900010.

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Nciri R, Allagui MS, Bourogaa E, et al. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activities and stress protein (HSP72/73, GRP94) expression in kidney and liver of rats under lithium treatment. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2012 Mar;68(1):11-8. doi: 10.1007/s13105-011-0113-3.

Allagui MS, Vincent C, El feki A, et al. Lithium toxicity and expression of stress-related genes or proteins in A549 cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2007 Jul;1773(7):1107-15. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.04.007.

Abdel Hamid OI, Ibrahim EM, Hussien MH, et al. The molecular mechanisms of lithium-induced cardiotoxicity in male rats and its amelioration by N-acetyl cysteine. Human & Experimental Toxicology. 2020 May;39(5):696-711. doi: 10.1177/0960327119897759.

Oudit GY, Korley V, Backx PH, et al. P. Lithium-induced sinus node disease at therapeutic concentrations: linking lithium-induced blockade of sodium channels to impaired pacemaker activity. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2007 Mar 1;23(3):229-32. doi: 10.1016/s0828-282x(07)70750-x.

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Snipes GM, Hafeez A, Marek G, et al. Sinus bradycardia with haemodynamic compromise following lithium intoxication. BMJ Case Reports. 2021 May 13;14(5):e242946. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242946.

Kalpakos T, Vermeersch G, Hendriks B, et al. Complete atrioventricular block with diastolic mitral regurgitation due to severe lithium intoxication. A case report. Acta Cardiologica. 2022 Mar 24:1-6. doi: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2054493.

Rijal SS, Oke I, Shrestha B. oks With Lithium Toxicity Requiring Urgent Dialysis: A Case Report. The Cureus Journal of Medical Science. 2022 Jan 19;14(1):e21427. doi: 10.7759/cureus.21427.

Abdel-Zaher AO, Abdel-Rahman MM. Lithium chloride-induced cardiovascular changes in rabbits are mediated by adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. Pharmacological Research. 1999 Apr;39(4):275-82. doi: 10.1006/phrs.1998.0445.

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Shetty RK, Vivek G, Parida A, et al. Lithium-induced sinus node dysfunction at therapeutic levels. BMJ Case Reports. 2013 Jan 22;2013:bcr2012008107. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-008107.

Chen Y, Zheng L, Liu W, et al. Electrocardiographic changes caused by lithium intoxication in an elderly patient. SpringerPlus. 2016 Jan 4;5:10. doi: 10.1186/s40064-015-1602-6.

Moradi S, Aminian A, Abdollahi A, et al. Cardiac chronotropic hypo-responsiveness and atrial fibrosis in rats chronically treated with lithium. Autonomic Neuroscience. 2019 Jan;216:46-50. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.09.002.

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Vijaimohan K, Mallika J, Shyamala DC. Chemoprotective Effect of Sobatum against Lithium-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2010 Jan;2(1):68-73. doi: 10.4103/0975-1483.62217.

Kovacs Z, Vestergaard P, W Licht R, et al. Lithium induced hypercalcemia: an expert opinion and management algorithm. International Journal of Bipolar Disorders. 2022 Dec 22;10(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s40345-022-00283-3.

Altinbas K, Guloksuz S, Caglar IM, et al. Electrocardiography changes in bipolar patients during long-term lithium monotherapy. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2014 Nov-Dec;36(6):694-7. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.07.001.

Gadallah MF, Feinstein EI, Massry SG. Lithium intoxication: clinical course and therapeutic considerations. Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism. 1988;14(2-3):146-9.

El-Mallakh RS. Treatment of acute lithium toxicity. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 1984 Feb;26(1):31-5.