Aterosklerozun Besinlerle Olan İlişkisi ve Klinik Biyokimya Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Synopsis
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by the thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall, initiating with endothelial dysfunction and progressing to plaque rupture. Serving as a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in developed and developing societies, unmodifiable risk factors include age, gender, and genetics, whereas hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes, and obesity represent modifiable risk factors. The primary strategy for preventing and managing the atherosclerotic process relies on dietary and lifestyle modifications. The Mediterranean diet, rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, extra virgin olive oil, and omega-3 fatty acids, offers significant cardiovascular protection. Soluble fibers bind bile acids to reduce LDL cholesterol, while phytosterols inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption. Niacin elevates HDL levels while decreasing LDL and triglycerides, whereas taurine and antioxidant compounds such as vitamins C and E neutralize free radicals to protect endothelial cells. Essential minerals including zinc, potassium, and magnesium regulate inflammation, blood pressure, and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Folate, vitamin B12, and choline support vascular health by regulating homocysteine levels, while soy products improve lipid profiles. Conversely, excessive intake of trans and saturated fats, alongside gut microbiota metabolites like TMAO, can promote atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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