Kanserde Epigenetik Yaklaşımlar: Polifenollerin Terapötik Potansiyelleri
Synopsis
Cancer is a complex biological dysfunction that develops as a result of the disruption of reversible epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA interferences, alongside genetic aberrations. Since 90% of cancer cases are associated with somatic mutations, dietary, and environmental factors, a large portion can be prevented through lifestyle modifications and altered dietary compositions. Currently used synthetic epigenetic drugs (such as DNMT and HDAC inhibitors) lead to high toxicity and a lack of specificity, rendering the development of safer and more specific alternatives essential. In this context, dietary polyphenols abundant in green tea, grapes, fruits, and vegetables—such as EGCG, resveratrol, apigenin, and quercetin—stand out as potent epigenetic modulators. Polyphenols inhibit the activity of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, thereby reactivating tumor suppressor genes silenced by methylation, triggering apoptosis, and regulating microRNA expression levels such as miR-16 and miR-217. Furthermore, by rendering cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents, they exhibit the potential to halt or reverse carcinogenic processes. The intake of these phytochemicals through diet has given rise to the concept of the "epigenetic diet," offering non-toxic, clinically promising, and innovative therapeutic approaches in both cancer chemoprevention and therapy.
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