Yeni Adipokinler: MetrnL, TGF-Β2, Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF21), Apelin
Synopsis
Recent scientific studies have revealed that adipose tissue is not merely a passive energy storage reservoir, but a highly dynamic endocrine organ that synthesizes and secretes biologically active molecules termed adipokines. Adipokines regulate numerous critical physiological processes, including nutrition, appetite control, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, vascular functions, and energy balance. In this review article, four novel adipokines with promising therapeutic potential are addressed: Metrnl, TGF-β2, Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF21), and Apelin. Metrnl promotes thermogenesis by stimulating the browning of white adipose tissue and antagonizes insulin resistance by encouraging adipocyte differentiation via PPARγ expression. TGF-β2, an exercise-induced adipokine, enhances glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity while alleviating obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation. FGF21, acting as a non-proliferative metabolic effector, improves lipid profiles and glucose tolerance, exerts thermogenic effects, and protects pancreatic beta cells. Apelin plays a role in glucose metabolism, lipolysis, and cardiovascular homeostasis, improving fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity through AMPK activation. A detailed understanding of these adipokines enables the development of new therapeutic strategies for managing obesity, insulin resistance, and associated comorbidities.
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