Galectın-3 ve Kalp Hastalıklarındaki Rolleri
Synopsis
Galectin-3 is a 35 kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin protein encoded by the LGALS3 gene located on chromosome 14 in the human genome. Highly expressed in immune system cells, fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells, this protein plays critical biological roles in regulating cellular growth, adhesion, apoptosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammatory responses. As an important biomarker of inflammation, cardiac remodeling, and tissue fibrosis in cardiovascular diseases, Galectin-3 leads to left ventricular dysfunction, particularly in heart failure, by increasing collagen production, matrix accumulation, and myofibroblast activation. Clinical studies have shown that high Galectin-3 levels serve as an independent predictor of poor prognosis, mortality, and rehospitalization risk in chronic heart failure; a cutoff value of 17.8 ng/mL distinguishes risk stratification, whereas values >25.9 ng/mL are associated with significantly higher rehospitalization and mortality risks. During atherosclerosis, it is highly secreted by foam cells, inducing ox-LDL-mediated endothelial injury, macrophage differentiation, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, it stands out as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cardiovascular conditions such as atrial fibrillation, acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and unstable angina. Approved by the ACCF/AHA guidelines and listed among FDA cardiovascular biomarkers, Galectin-3 offers strong potential in routine clinical practice for early disease detection, risk evaluation, and the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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