COVID-19 ve Yenidoğan
Synopsis
This section comprehensively examines the transmission routes, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment processes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, pregnant women, and newborns. Primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact, the virus enters host cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor. Children are less susceptible to the virus compared to adults, and the disease generally takes a milder course; this is explained by non-specific immunizations, a lack of ACE2 receptors, or the absence of a cytokine storm. While children may present with mild fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, a rare but severe multi-organ inflammatory condition known as MIS-C can develop post-infection. In pregnant women, the frequency and severity of infection are similar to non-pregnant individuals, though underlying comorbidities may increase morbidity. COVID-19 alone should not be a sole indication for cesarean delivery, and delivery decisions must be individualized. Studies indicate no evidence of vertical mother-to-child transmission and show that the virus does not pass into breast milk. Therefore, breastfeeding should be supported while maintaining proper hand and mask hygiene. Immediate newborn bathing is not recommended, and infected newborns mostly exhibit mild symptoms and recover within two weeks. Finally, discharge criteria require resolution of respiratory symptoms, at least 3-5 days without fever, and two negative PCR tests taken 48 hours apart.
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