Advanced Pharmaceutical Formulations of Verbascoside for Wound Healing
Synopsis
Wound healing is a complex process that requires the coordinated interaction of cellular and biochemical mechanisms and consists of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases. Increased oxidative stress, prolonged inflammatory responses, and microbial infections may adversely affect this process and delay tissue repair. Verbascoside (VRB), a natural phenylethanoid glycoside, has the potential to support wound healing owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. However, its hydrophilic nature, limited penetration across biological membranes, and susceptibility to environmental factors restrict its pharmaceutical applications. This chapter discusses the biological effects of VRB on wound healing and the main characteristics that limit its pharmaceutical use. Advanced drug delivery systems aimed at improving its bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy are also evaluated. In this context, nanofiber-based wound dressings, microemulsions, and nanovesicular systems are examined in terms of their properties and potential applications in wound healing, based on the current literature. In conclusion, VRB formulations incorporated into suitable pharmaceutical delivery systems offer a promising approach for the development of innovative topical products, particularly for the treatment of chronic wounds and diabetic ulcers.
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