Otoantikorlar ve Otoimmün Hastalık Tanısındaki Rolleri
Synopsis
Autoantibodies are immunoglobulins directed against the body’s own components and play important roles in the development and clinical evaluation of autoimmune diseases. Their production is associated with impaired immune tolerance, abnormal B-cell activation, T-cell responses, and cytokine signaling, while genetic and environmental factors also contribute to these processes. Natural autoantibodies may support physiological balance, whereas pathogenic autoantibodies can promote inflammation and tissue damage. Autoantibodies are classified according to their target antigens and tissue distribution, with several serving as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Anti-dsDNA in systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-CCP in rheumatoid arthritis, ANCA in vasculitis, and thyroid autoantibodies are important examples of their clinical applications. Autoantibody testing also contributes to the assessment of disease activity, prognosis, and treatment response. However, laboratory findings should always be interpreted alongside clinical features. Recent advances in the identification of novel autoantibodies, multiplex testing technologies, targeted therapies, and artificial intelligence-based analyses offer new opportunities for improved diagnosis and personalized treatment. This chapter reviews the biological basis, classification, pathogenic roles, clinical applications, and emerging developments related to autoantibodies.
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