Febril Konvülziyonlar
Synopsis
Febrile seizures (FS) are symptomatic seizures occurring with fever in children older than one month without central nervous system infections, electrolyte imbalances, or metabolic disorders, most commonly observed between 3 months and 5 years of age (peaking at 18 months). FS is divided into two categories: simple and complex; while seizures lasting less than 15 minutes, generalized, and not recurring within 24 hours are defined as simple FS, seizures lasting longer than 15 minutes, of focal nature, or recurring within 24 hours constitute the criteria for complex FS. In etiology, alongside genetic factors, viral infections such as HHV-6, HHV-7, and Influenza A, as well as DTP and MMR vaccines, may play a role. A family history of FS or epilepsy, age under 18 months, lower peak temperature values, and neurodevelopmental delay increase the risk of recurrence and epilepsy development. Diagnosis is based on detailed medical history and physical examination; while lumbar puncture is required when meningitis is suspected, routine electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain imaging are not recommended in simple FS cases. The use of antipyretics during febrile periods does not prevent seizure recurrence or the risk of epilepsy. In frequently recurring or complex cases, intermittent prophylaxis with rectal diazepam or continuous antiepileptic therapy with phenobarbital or valproic acid can be administered. During an acute seizure, intravenous or rectal diazepam is administered while ensuring airway patency and oxygen support. The prognosis of FS is generally good and does not lead to motor deficits or cognitive impairment.
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