Mobility in the Middle Ages: Roman Roads, Santiago De Compostela, Mont-Saint-Michel, And Musical Memory
Özet
Antik Roma yol ağları, imparatorluğun çöküşünün ardından Orta Çağ Avrupası'nda işlevsel bir dönüşüm geçirmiştir. Bu yollar kültürel, akademik ve dinî hareketliliğin altyapısını oluşturmuştur. Hacılar, öğrenciler, din adamları ve tüccarlar tarafından ortaklaşa kullanılan bu güzergâhlar, farklı amaçlarla seyahat eden bireylerin uzun süreler boyunca aynı mekânı paylaşmasını sağlamıştır. Söz konusu mekânsal birliktelik kültürlerin, düşünce biçimlerinin ve müziğin tüm Avrupa genelinde dolaşımına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Santiago de Compostela hac yolu ile Mont-Saint-Michel örneğine odaklanarak, Orta Çağ boyunca kara yolu temelli hareketlilik bağlamında gerçekleşen müzikal aktarımı incelemektedir. Araştırma, ‘zorunlu yavaşlığın’ müzikal belleğin derinleşmesindeki rolünü tartışmakta ve müziğin bu rotalar üzerinden hem bir dua hem de quadrivium (matematiksel sanatlardan biri olarak müzik) çerçevesinde teorik bir bilim olarak nasıl taşındığını ele almaktadır. Çalışma, Orta Çağ entelektüel kültürünün statik yapılar yerine hareket hâlindeki insan topluluklarının etkileşimi yoluyla şekillendiğini öne sürmektedir.
Bello Gómez, L. (2015). Hybrid networks: Sacred itineraries towards Santiago and Finisterre (Vol. 1) [Doctoral dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya]. UPCommons. https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/75d548af-0014-41ff-8a21-7613a674d71e/download
Bridges, B. (2017). Throne and pulpit: The relationship between the medieval church and the nascent state during the pontificate of Alexander III (1159–1181) [Master's thesis, University of Idaho].
Costen, M. (1993). The pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in medieval Europe. In I. Reader & T. Walter (Eds.), Pilgrimage in popular culture (pp. 137–154). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12637-8_6
Council of Europe. (1992). Les traces du pèlerinage à Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle dans la culture européenne (Cultural Heritage, No. 20). Council of Europe Publishing. https://www.chemins-compostelle.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Pat_PC_20_fr.pdf
Cova, V., Bousquet, J., Claveau, C., et al. (2019). The changing dichotomy between the sacred and the profane: A historical analysis of the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 16(1), 109–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2018.1501415
Çavuş, M. N. (2024). Orta Çağda hac hareketleri ve dini turizmin tarihsel süreçteki gelişimi. Journal of New Tourism Trends, 5(2), 82-96. https://doi.org/10.58768/joinntt.1580174
Gusmán, I., Lopez, L., Lois González, R. C., & Santos, X. M. (2017). The challenges of the first European cultural itinerary: The Way of St. James. Almatourism: Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 8(Special Issue 6), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/6034
Hoşbaş, R. G., Pırtı, A., & Ata, E. (2018). Surveying instruments used in Roman civilization [Presentation]. FIG Congress 2018, İstanbul, Türkiye. https://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/fig2018/ppt/fig10a/FIG10A_hosbas_pirti_et_al_9296_ppt.pdf
Johnson, H. (2024). Lihou across space and place: Sacred islands and multi-sited archipelagic connections in the English Channel. Folk, Knowledge, Place, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.24043/001c.118784
Keskin, E. (2017). Military ways of the Eastern Roman Empire period in Anatolia. Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal, 16, 1–9. http://doi.org/10.17740/eas.soc.2017.V16-01
Lemcke, L. (2013). The cursus publicus from the 3rd to the late 4th century [Master's thesis, University of Waterloo]. https://dspacemainprd01.lib.uwaterloo.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/383187a4-310b-49b6-a026-0a90ed3d329f/content
Leparmentier, J., & Levard, M. (1996). Le manuscrit 235, un témoin de la géométrie de Gerbert au Mont Saint-Michel. Analyse et démarche analytique. Actes du 11e Colloque inter-IREM d’épistémologie et histoire des mathématiques, Reims.
Locker, M. (2015). Landscapes of pilgrimage in Medieval Britain. Archaeopress Archaeology. https://www.archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/DMS/D4282DBBFE4E48EABF5A830388873F5F/9781784910761-sample.pdf
Martorell Carreño, A. (2005). The route of Santiago in Spain (camino frances) as WHS: Its conservation and management. In Proceedings of ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, 17–21 October 2005. https://publ.icomos.org/publicomos/jlbSai?html=Bur&base=technica&ref=41801&file=442.pdf&path=4-33.pdf
Oksanen, E., & Brookes, S. (2025). The afterlife of Roman roads in England: Insights from the fifteenth-century Gough map of Great Britain. Journal of Archaeological Science, 179.
Pazienza, A., & Bavuso, I. (2024). Moving jobs: Occupational identity and motility in the Middle Ages – Introduction. Medieval Worlds, 20, 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds_no20_2024s3
Saponov, M. (2000). Musical historiography and oral tradition. Moscow Conservatory Press.
Şahin Utku, N. (2018). İlk ve Orta Çağ'da yerleşim yerleri arasındaki yolların yapımı ve bakımı: Genel bir karşılaştırma. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(33), 315-355.
Treitler, L. (1992). The “unwritten” and “written transmission” of medieval chant and the start-up of musical notation. The Journal of Musicology, 10(2), 131–191. https://doi.org/10.2307/763611
Trono, A., & Castronuovo, V. (2021). The Via Francigena del Sud: The value of pilgrimage routes in the development of inland areas. The state of the art of two emblematic cases. Revista Galega de Economía, 30(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.30.3.7701
University of Gothenburg. (2022, November 15). Roman roads laid the foundation for modern-day prosperity. Retrieved from https://www.gu.se/en/news/roman-roads-laid-the-foundation-for-modern-day-prosperity
Ville d’Avranches. (2025, June 27). Retour exceptionnel : un manuscrit du Mont Saint-Michel réapparaît après deux siècles. Retrieved from https://www.avranches.fr/actualites/retour-exceptionnel-un-manuscrit-du-mont-saint-michel-reapparait-apres-deux-siecles/
Visset, A. (1997). Forêt de Scissy et de Brocéliande : Réalité ou légende? C.D.H.L.A.E.
Yıldırım, M. (2022). Ortaçağ'da ticaret (yollar, şehirler ve ürünler) hakkında bir değerlendirme (Bizans-Avrupa-İslam Dünyası). BSEU Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 192-201.
Referanslar
Bello Gómez, L. (2015). Hybrid networks: Sacred itineraries towards Santiago and Finisterre (Vol. 1) [Doctoral dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya]. UPCommons. https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/75d548af-0014-41ff-8a21-7613a674d71e/download
Bridges, B. (2017). Throne and pulpit: The relationship between the medieval church and the nascent state during the pontificate of Alexander III (1159–1181) [Master's thesis, University of Idaho].
Costen, M. (1993). The pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in medieval Europe. In I. Reader & T. Walter (Eds.), Pilgrimage in popular culture (pp. 137–154). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12637-8_6
Council of Europe. (1992). Les traces du pèlerinage à Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle dans la culture européenne (Cultural Heritage, No. 20). Council of Europe Publishing. https://www.chemins-compostelle.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Pat_PC_20_fr.pdf
Cova, V., Bousquet, J., Claveau, C., et al. (2019). The changing dichotomy between the sacred and the profane: A historical analysis of the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 16(1), 109–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2018.1501415
Çavuş, M. N. (2024). Orta Çağda hac hareketleri ve dini turizmin tarihsel süreçteki gelişimi. Journal of New Tourism Trends, 5(2), 82-96. https://doi.org/10.58768/joinntt.1580174
Gusmán, I., Lopez, L., Lois González, R. C., & Santos, X. M. (2017). The challenges of the first European cultural itinerary: The Way of St. James. Almatourism: Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 8(Special Issue 6), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/6034
Hoşbaş, R. G., Pırtı, A., & Ata, E. (2018). Surveying instruments used in Roman civilization [Presentation]. FIG Congress 2018, İstanbul, Türkiye. https://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/fig2018/ppt/fig10a/FIG10A_hosbas_pirti_et_al_9296_ppt.pdf
Johnson, H. (2024). Lihou across space and place: Sacred islands and multi-sited archipelagic connections in the English Channel. Folk, Knowledge, Place, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.24043/001c.118784
Keskin, E. (2017). Military ways of the Eastern Roman Empire period in Anatolia. Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal, 16, 1–9. http://doi.org/10.17740/eas.soc.2017.V16-01
Lemcke, L. (2013). The cursus publicus from the 3rd to the late 4th century [Master's thesis, University of Waterloo]. https://dspacemainprd01.lib.uwaterloo.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/383187a4-310b-49b6-a026-0a90ed3d329f/content
Leparmentier, J., & Levard, M. (1996). Le manuscrit 235, un témoin de la géométrie de Gerbert au Mont Saint-Michel. Analyse et démarche analytique. Actes du 11e Colloque inter-IREM d’épistémologie et histoire des mathématiques, Reims.
Locker, M. (2015). Landscapes of pilgrimage in Medieval Britain. Archaeopress Archaeology. https://www.archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/DMS/D4282DBBFE4E48EABF5A830388873F5F/9781784910761-sample.pdf
Martorell Carreño, A. (2005). The route of Santiago in Spain (camino frances) as WHS: Its conservation and management. In Proceedings of ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, 17–21 October 2005. https://publ.icomos.org/publicomos/jlbSai?html=Bur&base=technica&ref=41801&file=442.pdf&path=4-33.pdf
Oksanen, E., & Brookes, S. (2025). The afterlife of Roman roads in England: Insights from the fifteenth-century Gough map of Great Britain. Journal of Archaeological Science, 179.
Pazienza, A., & Bavuso, I. (2024). Moving jobs: Occupational identity and motility in the Middle Ages – Introduction. Medieval Worlds, 20, 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds_no20_2024s3
Saponov, M. (2000). Musical historiography and oral tradition. Moscow Conservatory Press.
Şahin Utku, N. (2018). İlk ve Orta Çağ'da yerleşim yerleri arasındaki yolların yapımı ve bakımı: Genel bir karşılaştırma. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(33), 315-355.
Treitler, L. (1992). The “unwritten” and “written transmission” of medieval chant and the start-up of musical notation. The Journal of Musicology, 10(2), 131–191. https://doi.org/10.2307/763611
Trono, A., & Castronuovo, V. (2021). The Via Francigena del Sud: The value of pilgrimage routes in the development of inland areas. The state of the art of two emblematic cases. Revista Galega de Economía, 30(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.30.3.7701
University of Gothenburg. (2022, November 15). Roman roads laid the foundation for modern-day prosperity. Retrieved from https://www.gu.se/en/news/roman-roads-laid-the-foundation-for-modern-day-prosperity
Ville d’Avranches. (2025, June 27). Retour exceptionnel : un manuscrit du Mont Saint-Michel réapparaît après deux siècles. Retrieved from https://www.avranches.fr/actualites/retour-exceptionnel-un-manuscrit-du-mont-saint-michel-reapparait-apres-deux-siecles/
Visset, A. (1997). Forêt de Scissy et de Brocéliande : Réalité ou légende? C.D.H.L.A.E.
Yıldırım, M. (2022). Ortaçağ'da ticaret (yollar, şehirler ve ürünler) hakkında bir değerlendirme (Bizans-Avrupa-İslam Dünyası). BSEU Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 192-201.
