Victims more than Villains: Images of the Child in McEwan’s Novels
Synopsis
Bu tez, McEwan'ın romanlarında yetişkin egemenliğinin üstün olduğu bir sosyal ve evsel bağlamda çocuk karakterlerin durumunu incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu tezin önemi, İngiliz çağdaş edebiyatı ile edebiyattaki çocuklar arasındaki bağlantıdan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu tez, çocuk karakterlerin yetişkinlerin otoritesi tarafından sömürülmesi kavramını, çocukların pervasız tutumları, kaybolmaları ve erken ölümleri ve çocukların yetişkin dünyasına müdahaleleri gibi genel bir tema olarak ele alır ve önceden belirlenmiş yetişkin dayatmalarıyla başa çıkabilmek veya tehdit altında olan başka bir kişiyi korumak için bir savunma olarak sorgular. Amacım, çocuk karakterlerin zarar verme potansiyellerini affetmek değil, bir çocuğun ne zaman kötü olabileceğini vurgulamak ve incelemektir. Eskiden olduğu gibi çocukların doğuştan iyi veya doğuştan kötü olduğu inancının çürütüldüğü düşünüldüğünde, insan olma veya insan olmama güdüleyici güçlerin çoğunlukla bireyin sosyal koşullarıyla ve çevresiyle etkileşimiyle ilgili olduğuna inanıyorum. Şimdiye kadar tartıştığım tüm çocuk karakterler, yetişkinlerin her türlü elinde egemen olduğu bir dünyada tasvir ediliyor. Bu egemenlik ve yetişkinlerin önceden belirlenmiş sosyal ve siyasi sistemlerinin devam etme ihtiyacı, çocukları feda etmek pahasına devam eder. Çocuklar, bu anlamda, yetişkinlerin sisteminin hem besin kaynağı hem de bir engelidir. Bu yüzden, muhtemelen çocuk imajı, bir sosyal tehdit olarak görülürken, diğer yandan da yetişkinlerin elinde safiyetini ve mağduriyet durumunu korur. Yetişkin baskısına tepki olarak, çocuk karakterler kendi kimliklerini ve direnişlerini oluşturuyorlar.
This thesis aims to examine the situation of child characters in a social and domestic context where adult dominance is superior in McEwan's novels. The significance of this thesis stems from the connection between British contemporary literature and children in literature. This thesis addresses the concept of child characters being exploited by the authority of adults as a general theme, such as their reckless attitudes, disappearances, early deaths, and interventions in the adult world, and questions it as a defense mechanism to cope with predetermined adult impositions or to protect another person in danger. My aim is not to forgive the potential harm of child characters, but to emphasize and examine when a child can be bad. Considering that the belief that children are inherently good or inherently bad has been debunked, I believe that the motivating forces of being human or not being human are mostly related to an individual's social conditions and interactions with their environment. All the child characters I have discussed so far are depicted in a world where adults have dominion over every aspect. The need for this dominion and the continuation of predetermined social and political systems of adults continue at the expense of sacrificing children. In this sense, children are both a source of nourishment and an obstacle to the adult system. Therefore, the image of a child is possibly seen as a social threat while also preserving its innocence and victimhood in the hands of adults. In response to adult pressure, child characters form their own identities and resist.
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