Propolisin Antioksidan Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Synopsis
Authored by Asst. Prof. Dr. Elif Demir and published in the book "Current Biochemistry Studies II", this chapter titled "Investigation of the Antioxidant Properties of Propolis" comprehensively examines the chemical structure, biological activities, and especially the antioxidant potential of propolis, also known as bee glue. Produced by honeybees through gathering plant resins and enriching them with salivary secretions to repair hive walls, stabilize humidity and temperature, and protect the colony against pathogenic microorganisms, propolis contains over 300 bioactive compounds, predominantly flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their esters. This rich composition, which varies depending on the botanical and geographical origin, climatic conditions, and extraction solvent used, grants propolis potent antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antitumor properties. The chapter details the protective roles of propolis and its principal bioactive component, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), against oxidative stress caused by free radicals and subsequent tissue damage in vital organs such as the liver, heart, and kidneys. Supported by cell culture, animal, and clinical human study data, it is demonstrated that propolis supplementation enhances antioxidant capacity by elevating glutathione (GSH) levels while decreasing lipid peroxidation markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and TBARS. Also noting potential allergic and irritant side effects at high doses (over 15 g/day), the study highlights propolis as a promising natural adjuvant therapy option in health supplements and biochemical applications.
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