Klinik Laboratuvarda Yasaklı ve Kötüye Kullanılan Madde Analizi
Synopsis
In Chapter 9 titled "Analysis of Banned and Abused Substances in the Clinical Laboratory" of the work "Current Biochemistry Studies II", laboratory processes for detecting psychoactive substances and their metabolites in clinical and forensic settings are comprehensively addressed. The study explains the primary areas requiring biochemical analysis, such as medical emergencies, trauma cases, suspected myocardial infarction, overdose situations, and pregnancy complications, while comparing in detail the advantages and limitations of biological matrices including blood, sweat, saliva, hair, and urine. While blood samples excel in identifying acute use, hair analysis indicates long-term past exposure, and sweat and saliva remain secondary due to low analyte concentration and narrow detection windows despite offering practical collection. Urine is emphasized as the most preferred matrix for screening owing to non-invasive sampling, high analyte concentrations, and ease of preservation. Physical verification tests such as temperature, pH, creatinine, and specific gravity applied to prevent possible dilution, substitution, and alteration manipulations in urine samples are detailed. In analytical techniques, initial immunochemical screening methods are used, and the necessity of confirmation via chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods such as GC-MS and LC-MS/MS to eliminate false positives from cross-reactivity is highlighted. Demonstrating the vital importance of accurate clinical and forensic interpretation of analytical findings, the work serves as an essential reference guide for professionals in the field.
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