Laboratuvar ve Klinik Bakış Açısıyla: Vitamin D
Synopsis
Authored by Gamze Avcıoğlu, this study detailedly examines the biochemical metabolism, physiological functions, laboratory measurement techniques, and relationship with various chronic or acute diseases of vitamin D. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid compound with hormone-like properties, enters the body as cholecalciferol (D3), synthesized in the skin via sunlight, and ergocalciferol (D2), obtained from plant foods. Converted into its active form 1,25(OH)2D through the action of 25-hydroxylase in the liver and 1-alpha-hydroxylase in the kidneys, vitamin D plays a pivotal role in balancing calcium and phosphorus metabolism, bone mineralization, and regulating immune responses. In clinical diagnosis and evaluation, levels of 25(OH)D, the major circulating form, are measured due to its longer half-life, with the LC-MS/MS method recognized as the gold standard owing to its high sensitivity and specificity. While vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, it is also closely linked in the literature to cancer types, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and the clinical manifestation and cytokine storm risks of COVID-19. In the therapeutic approach, vitamin D3 supplementation at appropriate doses is recommended, targeting serum 25(OH)D levels of 30-50 ng/mL.
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