Yeni Bir Nöromodülatör / Nörotransmitter Olan Agmatinin Kanser Üzerindeki Etkisi
Synopsis
Cancer is a somatic genetic disease with one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide after cardiovascular diseases, and antineoplastic agents such as cisplatin and paclitaxel, which are widely used in chemotherapy, cause severe limiting side effects in patients including peripheral neuropathy, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity. Agmatine, an endogenous biogenic amine and neurotransmitter/neuromodulator synthesized from L-arginine via the arginine decarboxylase enzyme, stands out for its antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effect profile. By inhibiting NMDA receptors in the glutamatergic system even at micromolar levels, agmatine prevents glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and carries the potential to reduce neuronal damage caused by anticancer drugs. Administration of agmatine controls the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha) production and apoptotic marker expressions (caspase-3 and caspase-9) triggered by antineoplastic agents, enhances neuronal cell proliferation, and maintains the antioxidant balance in tissues. Experimental findings indicating that exposure to agmatine either before or after toxicity can reverse inflammatory and apoptotic processes suggest that this molecule may act as a protective agent in suppressing organ and tissue damage induced by chemotherapeutics. Consequently, agmatine is evaluated as a biologically promising novel protective target in reducing antineoplastic drug-induced toxicity and eliminating limiting side effects in cancer treatment.
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