Çocuklarda Göz ve Görme Muayenesi
Synopsis
Ocular and visual development in children occurs very rapidly, particularly during the first six months of life, making examinations in this period of paramount importance. In our country, approximately 70% of childhood blindness has been determined to be preventable, and early diagnosis and intervention prevent learning difficulties and permanent vision loss. Accordingly, regular eye examinations starting in the neonatal period and at six months of age are recommended. The examination process begins with taking a detailed ocular and systemic history, followed by visual acuity assessment, inspection of the orbit and eyelids, evaluation of ocular motility, pupil and red reflex (Bruckner) testing, determination of eye alignment, detailed measurement of visual acuity, and examination of the anterior and posterior segments. Depending on the child's age and cooperation level, visual acuity tests such as Allen cards, LEA symbols, the HOTV chart, the Tumbling E chart, and the Snellen chart (accepted as the gold standard) are applied. Stereopsis for depth perception, Ishihara plates for color vision, corneal light reflex and cover-uncover tests for strabismus, and electrophysiological VEP tests are utilized. While retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening is vital for premature infants, routine check-ups should not be neglected to detect conditions such as amblyopia (lazy eye), cataracts, glaucoma, and strabismus in children aged 0-3 and over 3 years. Since uncorrected refractive errors and strabismus can lead to permanent vision reduction, monitoring children through routine annual examinations supports healthy development.
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